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- Self-diffusivity measurements of dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, dibutyl, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipates from (293-339) K by a PGSE-NMR spin-echo techniquePublication . Ascenso, José R.; Rubio, Guilherme; Diogo, João C.F.; Avelino, Helena Maria Da Nóbrega Teixeira; Caetano, Fernando; Fareleira, JoãoThe article reports self-diffusivity measurements of dimethyl (DMA), diethyl (DEA), dipropyl (DPA), dibutyl (DBA), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) (DEHA) adipates from (293e339) K by the PGSEeNMR technique. The expanded uncertainty of the results is estimated to better than ±2%. The results are interpreted in terms of the hydrodynamic and the van der Waals radii. The former are calculated a Stokes-EinsteinSutherland-type equation, using recently published viscosity data. Furthermore, recently published density data for those adipates are used to calculate the hard sphere radii at contact in a cubic lattice, in order to compare the radii obtained from transport properties with those obtained from equilibrium data. In this temperature range the self-diffusivities of the liquid dialkyl adipates studied have an Arrhenius-like behavior.
- Viscosity and density measurements on liquid n-heptadecane at high pressuresPublication . Sequeira, Maria Carolina; Avelino, Helena Maria Da Nóbrega Teixeira; Caetano, Fernando J. P.; Fareleira, JoãoThis article reports novel measurements of the viscosity, eta, of liquid n-heptadecane at pressures up to 70 MPa, along six isotherms between 303 and 358 K. The experiments were carried out using a vibrating wire viscometer operated in the forced mode. The 303 and 313 K isotherms have a restricted range of pressures to avoid eventual solidification. The present measurements have an uncertainty less than U(eta) = 0.015.eta with a confidence level of 0.95. Complementary measurements of the density, rho, were performed with the same ranges of temperature and pressure, using a DMA HP Anton Paar U-tube densimeter, with a DMA 5000 instrument as a reading unit. The overall maximum uncertainty is U(rho) = 0.002.rho with a confidence level of 0.95. The article provides a correlation of the viscosity of compressed liquid n-heptadecane with the molar volume, constructed by means of a scheme based on a modified hard-sphere theory, which describes the experimental data within ca. 1%. A program is provided in the Supporting Information to promptly perform interpolation of the viscosity as a function of temperature and pressure. The isothermal compressibility and the isobaric thermal expansivity were calculated from the density. Viscosity-pressure coefficients have also been determined from the viscosity.
- Viscosity of liquid diethylene, triethylene and tetraethylene glycols at moderately high pressures using a vibrating wire instrumentPublication . Pereira, Marta F. V.; Avelino, Helena Maria Da Nóbrega Teixeira; Caetano, Fernando; Fareleira, JoãoNew viscosity measurements of compressed liquid diethylene glycol (DiEG), triethylene glycol (TriEG) and tetraethylene glycol (TeEG) have been performed using a vibrating wire instrument operated in the forced oscillation mode. The measurements have been carried out in a range of pressures up to 70 MPa and temperatures from (293-363) K, covering a total range of viscosities from (3.46-1.15 x 10(2)) mPa.s. Complementary experimental density data were obtained for the same glycols using an Anton Paar vibrating U-tube densimeter. These measurements have been performed in a range of temperatures from about (283-363) K and at pressures up to about 70 MPa. The viscosity results were correlated with density, using a modified hard-spheres scheme. The experimental density data were correlated, as a function of temperature and pressure, with a modified Tait-type equation. The expanded uncertainty of the present viscosity results at a 95% confidence level is estimated to be less than +/- 2.0% for viscosities up to 68 mPa s and less than +/- 2.6% for higher viscosities. The densities have an expanded uncertainty of +/- 0.2% at a 95% confidence level. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.
- Density and rheology of tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM)Publication . Avelino, Helena Maria Da Nóbrega Teixeira; Caetano, Fernando; Diogo, João C. F.; Fareleira, João; Pereira, Marta F. V.; Santos, Fernando J V; Santos, Tânia V. M.; Wakeham, William A.This article presents new density data and some rheological studies on tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) which has recently been proposed as a reference fluid for viscosity at high temperatures and high pressures. The density data have been obtained with the aid of an Anton Paar DMA HP U-tube instrument, covering temperatures from 328 to 423 K and pressures up to 70 MPa, and they are aimed at extending the temperature range of previous results. They are also used to check the effect of interlot consistency of the density data for TOTM. The presente density measurements are compared with previously published data. Rheological tests were carried out to complement earlier studies. Particular attention is given to the shear rate range of greatest interest for the proposed use of TOTM as an industrial reference fluid for viscosity: the tests include shear stresses up to 750 Pa and shear rates up to 4000 s−1 under atmospheric pressure. The tests were carried out using a Parallel Plate Rheometer AR1500ex10C4298. The results at a temperature of 298 K corroborate the previous findings that TOTM is Newtonian below a shear rate of 600 s−1, which is entirely compatible with its use as an industrial calibrating fluid for viscosity. At shear rates higher than 600 s−1 a shear-thinning like behavior is observed.
- Viscosity and density measurements of poly(ethyleneglycol) 200 and poly(ethyleneglycol) 600 at high pressuresPublication . Sequeira, Maria Carolina; Avelino, Helena Maria Da Nóbrega Teixeira; Caetano, Fernando J. P.; Fareleira, JoãoNew measurements for the viscosity and density of poly(ethyleneglycol) 200 [PEG 200] and of poly(ethyleneglycol) 600 [PEG 600], at pressures up to 50 MPa, are presented. The temperature range of the measurements performed for PEG 200 was from 293 to 348 K and for PEG 600 was from 303 to 348 K. A vibrating wire viscometer operated in the steady-state mode was used to carry out the measurements with an estimated overall uncertainty less than U(eta) = 0.02 center dot eta, for viscosities up to 68 mPa s, and less than U(eta) = 0.026 center dot eta, for higher viscosities with a confidence level of 0.95 (k = 2). Complementary density measurements for both PEGs were performed in the same ranges of temperature and pressure as for the viscosity measurements, using an Anton Paar HP vibrating tube densimeter, with an estimated overall uncertainty of about U(eta) = 0.002 center dot rho with a confidence level of 0.95 (k = 2). Moreover, pressure-viscosity coefficients were obtained for both PEGs. A method based on a dense hard-sphere fluid theory was used to correlate the viscosity data with the density, for both PEGs, with a deviation of the experimental results less than 1%. A modified Tait equation was used to correlate the density results with temperature and pressure.
- Viscosity measurements of poly(ethyleneglycol) 400 [PEG 400] at temperatures from 293 K to 348 K and at pressures up to 50 MPa using the vibrating wire techniquePublication . Sequeira, Maria C. M.; Pereira, Marta F. V.; Avelino, Helena Maria Da Nóbrega Teixeira; Caetano, Fernando; Fareleira, JoãoThe article reports new measurements of the viscosity of Poly(ethyleneglycol) 400 [PEG 400] in the range (293-348) K and pressures up to 50 MPa. Complementary measurements of the density of the same sample of PEG 400 have been made covering the ranges of temperature and pressure, (293-353) K and (0.1-50) MPa, respectively. The viscosity measurements were performed using the vibrating wire technique in the forced mode of oscillation and the density measurements were carried out with an Anton Paar vibrating U-tube densimeter. The density raw data were corrected for viscosity effects. The overall uncertainty of the viscosity measurements is estimated to be less than +/- 2% for viscosities up to 68 mPa s and less than +/- 2.6% for higher viscosities. The densities have an estimated overall uncertainty of +/- 0.2%. The rheological behaviour of Poly(ethylene Glycol) 400 has also been studied, using a cone-plate Brookfield viscometer, in a temperature range between (293 and 333) K. The measurements were carried out at shear rates up to 20 s(-1) and shear stresses up to 2.20 Pa and have evidenced Newtonian behaviour. The viscosity data obtained were correlated by means of a modified hard-sphere based correlation technique. The relative root mean square, rms, deviation of the experimental results from the correlation equations is 0.54%, and their bias is practically zero. The density data obtained were correlated using a Tait-type equation. As a complement of the present study, the surface tension of PEG 400 was measured by the pendant drop method. This study aims to be useful for viscosity measurements using capillary viscometers. As far as the authors are aware, the present viscosity measurements are the first results to be published for PEG 400 at pressures higher than atmospheric pressure.
- In pursuit of a high-temperature, high-pressure, high-viscosity standard: the case of tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitatePublication . Wakeham, William A.; Assael, Marc; Avelino, Helena Maria Da Nóbrega Teixeira; Bair, Scott; Baled, Hseen O.; Bamgbade, Babatunde A.; Bazile, Jean-Patrick; Caetano, Fernando; Comunas, Maria J. P.; Daridon, Jean-Luc; Diogo, João C. F.; Enick, Robert M.; Fareleira, João; Fernandez, Josefa; Oliveria, M. Conceição; Santos, Tânica V. M.; Tsolakidou, Chrysi M.This paper presents a reference correlation for the-viscosity of tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate designed to serve in industrial applications for the calibration of viscometers at elevated temperatures and pressures such as those encountered in the exploration of oil reservoirs and in lubrication. Tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate has been examined with respect to the criteria necessary for an industrial standard reference material such as toxicity, thermal stability, and variability among manufactured lots. The viscosity correlation has been based upon all of the data collected in a multinational project and is supported by careful measurements and analysis of all the supporting thermophysical property data that are needed to apply the standard for calibration to a wide variety of viscometers. The standard reference viscosity data cover temperatures from 303 to 473 K, pressures from 0.1 to 200 MPa, and viscosities from approximately 1.6 to 755 mPa s. The uncertainty in the data provided is of the order of 3.2% at 95% confidence level, which is thought to be adequate for most industrial applications.
- Viscosity and density measurements on liquid n-tetradecane at moderately high pressuresPublication . Santos, Tânia V. M.; Pereira, Marta F. V.; Avelino, Helena Maria Da Nóbrega Teixeira; Caetano, Fernando; Fareleira, JoãoThe main aim of the work is to study the viscosity and density of compressed normal tetradecane in the region of pressures from saturation to 10 MPa, where the available literature data are scarce. New measurements of the viscosity of n-tetradecane (n-C14) along eight isotherms in the range (283–358) K and at pressures up to 70 MPa, have been performed using the vibrating wire technique in the forced mode of operation. Density measurements have also been performed along nine isotherms in the temperature range from (283 to 373) K and pressures from (0.1 to 70) MPa. The vibrating wire viscosity results were correlated with density, using a modified hard-spheres scheme. The root mean square (rms) deviation of the data from the correlation is less than 0.32% and the maximum absolute relative deviation is less than 1.0%. The expanded uncertainty of the present viscosity data is estimated as ±1.5% at a 95% confidence level. The density results were correlated with the temperature and pressure using a modified Tait equation. The expanded uncertainty of the present density data is estimated as ±0.2% at a 95% confidence level. The isothermal compressibility and the isobaric thermal expansion were calculated by differentiation of the modified Tait equation. The uncertainties of isothermal compressibility and the isobaric thermal expansion are estimated to be less than ±1.7% and ±1.1%, respectively, at a 95% confidence level. The results are compared with the available literature data.
- Density measurements of compressed dipropyl, dibutul, bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipates from (293 to 373K) at pressures up to about 68MPaPublication . Diogo, João C. F.; Avelino, Helena Maria Da Nóbrega Teixeira; Caetano, Fernando J. P.; Fareleira, JoãoThe article reports density measurements of dipropyl (DPA), dibutyl (DBA) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) (DEHA) adipates, using a vibrating U-tube densimeter, model DMA HP, from Anton Paar GmbH. The measurements were performed in the temperature range (293 to 373) K and at pressures up to about 68 MPa, except for DPA for which the upper limits were 363 K and 65 MPa, respectively. The density data for each liquid was correlated with the temperature and pressure using a modified Tait equation. The expanded uncertainty of the present density results is estimated as 0.2% at a 95% confidence level. No literature density data at pressures higher than 0.1 MPa could be found. DEHA literature data at atmospheric pressure agree with the correlation of the present measurements, in the corresponding temperature range, within +/- 0.11%. The isothermal compressibility and the isobaric thermal expansion were calculated by differentiation of the modified Tait correlation equation. These two parameters were also calculated for dimethyl adipate (DMA), from density data reported in a previous work. The uncertainties of isothermal compressibility and the isobaric thermal expansion are estimated to be less than +/- 1.7% and +/- 1.1%, respectively, at a 95% confidence level. Literature data of isothermal compressibility and isobaric thermal expansivity for DMA have an agreement within +/- 1% and +/- 2.4%, respectively, with results calculated in this work. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Viscosity and density of two 1-Alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium triflate ionic liquids at high pressures: experimental measurements and the effect of alkyl chain lengthPublication . Sequeira, Maria Carolina; Avelino, Helena Maria Da Nóbrega Teixeira; Caetano, Fernando J. P.; Fareleira, JoãoNew measurements of the viscosity of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate ([BMIM][ OTf]) and 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium triflate ([HMIM][OTf]) have been carried out at high pressures, using a vibrating-wire technique operated in the forced mode of oscillation. The measurements for [BMIM][OTf] have been performed along six isotherms from 298 to 358 K at pressures up to 50 MPa. The viscosity measurements for [HMIM][OTf] have been carried out along five isotherms from 303 to 358 K at pressures up to 50 MPa. The estimated uncertainty of the measurements is less than U(eta) = 0.02.eta for viscosities up to 68 mPa.s and less than U(eta) = 0.026.eta for higher viscosities, with a confidence level of 0.95 (k = 2). For both ionic liquids, complementary density measurements have been performed using an Anton Paar HP densimeter in the same temperature and pressure ranges as those used for the viscosity measurements. The density results have an uncertainty smaller than U(rho) = 0.002.rho with a confidence level of 0.95 (k = 2). The viscosity results were correlated with the density data using a previously described hard-sphere-based technique. The individual correlations are able to describe the viscosity results for each liquid with an uncertainty smaller than the estimated uncertainty of the experimental data. The effect of alkyl substituents on the viscosity and the density of these ionic liquids has been analyzed. For this purpose, previously published results for the viscosity and density of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([EMIM][OTf]) have been considered in addition to the data obtained in the present work for [BMIM][OTf] and [HMIM][OTf].