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- Amplificador monolítico CMOS para sinais a 1GHz, com ganho controlado digitalmentePublication . Azevedo, Fernando; Fortes, Fernando; Rosário, M. JoãoEsta comunicação descreve o projecto e simulação de um amplificador monolítico de ganho variável, que pode ser usado na banda ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) dos 900MHz, cujo ganho é controlado directamente por um conjunto de quatro bits. O circuito, totalmente integrado, é implementado numa tecnologia CMOS normalizada de 0,35μm. As simulações foram obtidas usando o modelo BSIM3 e apresentam um ganho a variar entre um mínimo de -36dB e um máximo de 28dB a 1GHz e com uma tensão de alimentação de 3V. O consumo total máximo é inferior a 5mW.
- A 5GHz1.8V low power CMOS low-noise amplifierPublication . Azevedo, Fernando; Mendes, Luís; Fialho, Vitor; Vaz, João C.; Fortes, Fernando; Rosário, Maria J.Wireless local-area networks (WLANs) have been deployed as office and home communications infrastructures worldwide. The diversification of the standards, such as IEEE 802.11 series demands the design of RF front-ends. Low power consumption is one of the most important design concerns in the application of those technologies. To maintain competitive hardware costs, CMOS has been used since it is the best solution for low cost and high integration processing, allowing analog circuits to be mixed with digital ones. In the receiver chain, the low noise amplifier (LNA) is one of the most critical blocks in a transceiver design. The sensitivity is mainly determined by the LNA noise figure and gain. It interfaces with the pre-select filter and the mixer. Furthermore, since it is the first gain stage, care must be taken to provide accurate input match, low-noise figure, good linearity and a sufficient gain over a wide band of operation. Several CMOS LNAs have been reported during the last decade, showing that the most research has been done at 802.11/b and GSM standards (900-2400MHz spectrum) and more recently at 802.11/a (5GHz band). One of the more significant disadvantages of 802.11/b is that the frequency band is crowded and subject to interference from other technologies, as is 2.4GHz cordless phones and Bluetooth. As the demand for radio-frequency integrated circuits, operating at higher frequency bands, increases, the IEEE 802.11/a standard becomes a very attractive option to wireless communication system developers. This paper presents the design and implementation of a low power, low noise amplifier aimed at IEEE 802.11a for WLAN applications. It was designed to be integrated with an active balun and mixer, representing the first step toward a fully integrated monolithic WLAN receiver. All the required circuits are integrated at the same die and are powered by 1.8V supply source. Preliminary experimental results (S-parameters) are shown and promise excellent results. The LNA circuit design details are illustrated in Section 2. Spectre simulation results focused at gain, noise figure (NF) and input/output matching are presented in Section 3. Finally, conclusions and comparison with other recently reported LNAs are made in Section 4, followed by future work.
- Conversor monolítico CMOS para 2,4GHz e 1,8V com osciladores integradosPublication . Azevedo Fernando; Fortes, Fernando; Rosário, M. JoãoEsta comunicação descreve o projecto e simulação de um circuito misturador monolítico de dupla conversão com rejeição de imagem e osciladores locais integrados. O circuito, totalmente integrado, é implementado numa tecnologia CMOS normalizada de 0,35μm. As simulações foram obtidas usando o modelo BSIM3 e apresentam uma rejeição de imagem de 50dB. O ganho de conversão é de 14dB a 2,4GHz com uma tensão de alimentação de 1,8V. O consumo total do circuito é de 18mW.
- Wireless communication based on chirp signals for LoRa IoT DevicesPublication . Fialho, Vitor; Azevedo, FernandoThis paper presents the study of chirp signals for wireless communications between Internet of Thing devices used on low power wide area networks. Up and down chirp concept is introduced as well as the chirp spread spectrum concept. A computationally efficient symbol decoding method is presented based of discrete Fourier transform as an alternative to typical coherent detection. The proposed LoRa simulation model is implemented in MATLAB allowing the communication system evaluation based on bit error rate and packet error rate.
- A 5GHz/1.8V CMOS active balun integrated with LNAPublication . Azevedo, Fernando; Mendes, Luís; Fialho, Vitor; Vaz, João C.; Fortes, Fernando; Rosário, Maria J.The development of high performance monolithic RF front-ends requires innovative RF circuit design to make the best of a good technology. A fully differential approach is usually preferred, due to its well-known properties. Although the differential approach must be preserved inside the chip, there are cases where the input signal is single-ended such as RF image filters and IF filters in a RF receiver. In these situations, a stage able to convert single-ended into differential signals (balun) is needed. The most cited topology, which is capable of providing high gain, consists on a differential stage with one of the two inputs grounded. Unfortunately, this solution has some drawbacks when implemented monolithically. This work presents the design and simulated results of an innovative high-performance monolithic single to differential converter, which overcomes the limitations of the circuits.The integration of the monolithic active balun circuit with an LNA on a 0.18μm CMOS process is also reported. The circuits presented here are aimed at 802.11a. Section 2 describes the balun circuit and section 3 presents its performance when it is connected to a conventional single-ended LNA. Section 4 shows the simulated performance results focused at phase/amplitude balance and noise figure. Finally, the last section draws conclusions and future work.