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- Avaliação funcional, equilíbrio e risco de queda em idosos independentes residentes na comunidade no concelho de LouresPublication . Fernandes, Beatriz; Tomás, Maria Teresa; Quirino, DiogoIntrodução - Em virtude do seu crescente índice de envelhecimento a população portuguesa apresenta um potencial aumento do risco elevado de quedas. Este risco está relacionado com níveis mais baixos e força dos membros inferiores e equilíbrio, factores que estão relacionados com o declínio funcional. A fisioterapia tem reconhecidamente um papel fundamental não só na intervenção nesta área, mas também na identificação dos factores relacionados com o risco de queda. Objetivo do estudo - Caracterizar o risco de queda e factores relacionados em idosos residentes na comunidade.
- Lower limbs strength, balance, mobility and risk of falling in community-dwelling older adultsPublication . Fernandes, Beatriz; Tomás, Maria Teresa; Quirino, DiogoIntroduction - During the last decades, there has been a rapid aging of the Portuguese population. The aging process involves several changes namely a decreasing in lower limbs strength, mobility and balance which contributes to increasing the risk of falling and the likelihood to suffer fractures or traumatic brain injuries among other injuries. Physiotherapy can develop an important intervention in identifying the factors that potentiate the risk of falling and can provide strategies to prevent or reverse this risk. The purpose of this study was to characterize the risk of falling and related factors in a sample of Portuguese community-dwelling older adults. Methods - A cross-sectional study. 74 subjects participated in the study (50 women, 24 men), aged 65-97 years, apparently healthy, independent and living in the community. The following tests were used: to assess lower limbs strength the 30s chair stand test; 8-foot up and go test to assess mobility and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) to assess balance. The risk of falling was determined based on BBS. Results - The results of our study showed that for 30s chair stand test the mean value was 11 repetitions and for 8-foot up and go test was 8.63 seconds. For BBS the median was 53 points. 36.5% of the participants reported at least one fall during the previous year. Negative correlations have been found between 8-foot up and go test and 30s chair stand test (R=0.664; p=0.00) and between 8-foot up and go test and BBS (R=0.653; p=0.00). A weak positive correlation was also found between 30s chair stand test and BBS (R=0.475; p=0.00). Discussion - The results of the 8-foot up and go test (>8,5 seconds) indicate that this population was at risk of falling. In addition, BBS scores showed that the risk of falling was 11%. Lower limbs strength was decreased compared with reference values for Portuguese population. Assessment of these factors seems to be recommended in order to develop and implement strategies directed to increase lower limbs strength, balance, and mobility and decrease the risk of falling.
- A influência da microgravidade na musculatura esquelética: alterações musculares e intervenção terapêuticaPublication . Quirino, Diogo; Pedro, LuisaIntrodução – O incremento do tempo de exposição à microgravidade origina um descondicionamento músculo-esquelético que precisa de ser prevenido através do treino. Objetivos – Identificar os padrões destas alterações e descrever os programas de treino em microgravidade e estratégias pós-exposição. Método – A pesquisa da revisão da literatura foi conduzida através da MEDLINE/PubMed e PEDro com as seguintes palavras--chave: “spaceflight rehabilitation”, “spaceflight muscle”, “microgravity muscle” e “bed rest muscle”, seguida de uma seleção dos artigos. Resultados – Os estudos encontrados apresentam uma resposta músculo-tendinosa diferencial sendo que o treino protege total ou parcialmente estas estruturas. Conclusão – O treino de resistance de intensidade elevada e baixas repetições associado a exercícios específicos é o mais adequado para responder ao descondicionamento. - ABSTRACT - Introduction – The increased microgravity exposition time raised the need for training programs to avoid muscle and tendinous deconditioning. Objectives – To identify the deconditioning patterns and to identify and describe the training programs used for its prevention during and after microgravity exposure. Methods – This literature review is based on a search conducted via MEDLINE/PubMed and PEDro using the following search words: “spaceflight rehabilitation”, “spaceflight muscle”, “microgravity muscle” and “bed rest muscle”. The search was followed by an article selection. Results – The studies reveal a differential exposure phenomenon for which the training programs reviewed are partly effective. Conclusion – According to the literature the high intensity low volume resistance programs with specific exercises are more appropriate to address the deconditioning problem.
- Functionality and functional capacity in a community-dwelling older adults in PortugalPublication . Tomás, Maria Teresa; Fernandes, Beatriz; Quirino, DiogoBackground and aims: Portuguese population has a higher risk of functional decline and frailty. This trend, along with a growing aging index, poses a major economic and social challenge to health in aging people. The purpose of our study was to characterize functional physical fitness in community-dwelling older adults in order to prevent functional decline and an increase in health care costs. Methods: Our sample consisted of 128 older adults (95 women, 33 men), aged 65-97 years, independent and living in Loures municipality, Portugal. Functional physical fitness was assessed with Senior Fitness Test Battery. The predicted distance was calculated with Troosters et al (1999) equation. Grip strength was assessed with hydraulic dynamometer Jamar® and functional capacity with the Composite Physical Function (CPF) Scale. A basic descriptive analysis was conducted (statistical package SPSS IBM for Windows, v22) and the sample was stratified by age. Results: Senior Fitness Test Battery and grip strength scores suggested low levels of strength, flexibility, endurance, and balance, compared with other similar populations, suggesting a higher risk for sarcopenia. Distance walked by our sample remained at 73% of the estimated distance. When stratified by age, the percentage of estimated distance shows a greater decrease. On CPF, 80% of our sample presented moderate or low levels of functional capacity. Conclusions: Functional fitness of this population appears to have lower values than expected. Distance walked shows a decrement higher than expected with a probable faster aging than the expected. Our study provides the first assessment of grip strength in an elder Portuguese population showing also lower values for this component of functionality. Compared to other populations, functional capacity (CPF) is at moderate or low level. These results are important to justify an urgent intervention in order to increase functional capacity or at least contribute to a slower decrease.
- Risk of falling, fear of falling and functionality in community-dwelling older adultsPublication . Fernandes, Beatriz; Tomás, Maria Teresa; Quirino, DiogoAgeing among Portuguese population is leading to an increase in the proportion of elderly people. Age-related changes are responsible for high levels of disability, balance problems and high risk of falls, Physiotherapy can identify elderly in risk of falling and provide strategies to prevent falls in this population contributing to maintain functionality. The purpose of this study was to characterise the risk of falling in a sample of community-dwelling older adults and investigate the associations between functionality and balance. Objective: To identify the risk of failing in community-dwelling older adults and ifs relations with fear of falling and functional capacity.
- Sarcopénia, equilíbrio e risco de queda em idosos independentes residentes na comunidadePublication . Fernandes, Beatriz; Tomás, Maria Teresa; Quirino, DiogoO aumento do risco de queda na população idosa é um problema que se coloca atualmente aos sistemas de saúde. Na sua origem estão as alterações associadas ao envelhecimento, nomeadamente as alterações de equilíbrio, a fraqueza muscular, a fragilidade, entre outras. A sarcopénia, que se caracteriza por diminuição da massa muscular e da força muscular é uma das consequências do envelhecimento. Recentemente, a sarcopénia tem sido associada a aumento de risco de queda na população idosa. Ao mesmo tempo, a investigação tem mostrado que a força de preensão está associada à força dos membros e que constitui um marcador clínico para o risco de incapacidade, tendo sido identificados valores de corte para definir sarcopénia através da força de preensão. Objetivo do estudo - O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a força muscular dos membros inferiores, a mobilidade, a força de preensão e o risco de queda em idosos residentes na comunidade e averiguar possíveis associações entre estas variáveis.
- Funcionalidade e aptidão física funcional em idosos independentes residentes na comunidade no concelho de LouresPublication . Tomás, Maria Teresa; Fernandes, Beatriz; Quirino, DiogoObjectivo do estudo - Caracterizar a aptidão física funcional e outros parâmetros da funcionalidade em idosos residentes na comunidade. Relevância do estudo - A população portuguesa apresenta um risco elevado de declínio funcional e fragilidade. Esta tendência, em conjunto um índice de envelhecimento crescente, coloca um grande desafio à sociedade, nomeadamente a nível económico, mas sobretudo no que se refere ao estado de saúde dos idosos, tendo a fisioterapia um papel importante na prevenção do declínio funcional e na manutenção da capacidade funcional destes indivíduos.
- Sarcopenia, balance and risk of falling in a sample of Portuguese community-dwelling older adultsPublication . Fernandes, Beatriz; Tomás, Maria Teresa; Quirino, DiogoBackground and aims: Given the growing aging index, Portuguese population is particularly exposed to a higher risk of falls, which is related to decreased levels of lower limbs muscle mass and strength. These factors are a consequence of sarcopenia which has been associated with higher risk of falling. Handgrip strength is a clinical marker of risk of disability and cut-off points for defining sarcopenia through handgrip strength have been identified. The purpose of this study was to characterize the risk of falls and related factors in community- dwelling older adults. Methods: The sample consisted of 128 community-dwelling older adults (95 women, 33 men), aged 65–97 years, apparently healthy. Outcome measures were Berg Balance Scale (BBS) to assess the risk of falling, 30s chair stand test for lower limbs strength, 8-foot up and go test for mobility and handgrip strength with the dynamometer Jamar®. Results: BBS values were above cut-off points for risk of falling, meanwhile scores from the other tests showed lower values compared to other similar populations. 36% reported at least one fall in the past year. Lower limbs strength was lower for fallers and this was different (p = 0,023) from non-fallers. 21.2% of males and 24.2% of females showed values of handgrip strength lower than cut-off points for risk of sarcopenia. Conclusions: Although the risk of falling in this sample is not increased, strength, lower limbs strength and mobility are decreased. This study reinforces the evidence that lower limbs muscle strength is lower in fallers than in non-fallers, which is described as a risk factor for falling. Assessment of these factors seems to be recommended in order to design rehabilitation programs as countermeasures for further muscle and functional deterioration and consequently, decrease the risk of falling.