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- Collaborative approaches in sustainable and resilient manufacturingPublication . Camarinha-Matos, Luis M.; Rocha, Andre Dionisio; Graça, PaulaIn recent years, the manufacturing sector is going through a major transformation, as reflected in the concept of Industry 4.0 and digital transformation. The urge for such transformation is intensified when we consider the growing societal demands for sustainability. The notion of sustainable manufacturing has emerged as a result of this trend. Additionally, industries and the whole society face the challenges of an increasing number of disruptive events, either natural or human-caused, that can severely affect the normal operation of systems. Furthermore, the growing interconnectivity between organizations, people, and physical systems, supported by recent developments in information and communication technologies, highlights the important role that collaborative networks can play in the digital transformation processes. As such, this article analyses potential synergies between the areas of sustainable and resilient manufacturing and collaborative networks. The work also discusses how the responsibility for the various facets of sustainability can be distributed among the multiple entities involved in manufacturing. The study is based on a literature survey, complemented with the experience gained from various research projects and related initiatives in the area, and is organized according to various dimensions of Industry 4.0. A brief review of proposed approaches and indicators for measuring sustainability from the networked manufacturing perspective is also included. Finally, a set of key research challenges are identified to complement strategic research agendas in manufacturing.
- Performance indicators for collaborative networks based on collaboration benefitsPublication . Camarinha-Matos, Luis M.; Abreu, AntónioCollaborative networks are typically assumed to bring clear benefits and competitive advantage to the participating members. However, the identification and characterisation of objective and measurable collaboration benefits is an important element for the wide adoption of this paradigm. Departing from a brief categorisation of the intuitive advantages of collaboration, this paper introduces an approach for the analysis of benefits in collaborative processes, introducing a number of performance indicators. The potential application of the indicators derived from this analysis is then discussed in the context of a virtual organisation’s breeding environment. Finally, experimental results based on data from two existing collaborative networks are presented and discussed.
- Elements of a methodology to assess the alignment of core-values in collaborative networksPublication . Abreu, António; Macedo, Patrícia; Camarinha-Matos, LuisCollaborative networks are typically formed by heterogeneous and autonomous entities, and thus it is natural that each member has its own set of core-values. Since these values somehow drive the behaviour of the involved entities, the ability to quickly identify partners with compatible or common core-values represents an important element for the success of collaborative networks. However, tools to assess or measure the level of alignment of core-values are lacking. Since the concept of 'alignment' in this context is still ill-defined and shows a multifaceted nature, three perspectives are discussed. The first one uses a causal maps approach in order to capture, structure, and represent the influence relationships among core-values. This representation provides the basis to measure the alignment in terms of the structural similarity and influence among value systems. The second perspective considers the compatibility and incompatibility among core-values in order to define the alignment level. Under this perspective we propose a fuzzy inference system to estimate the alignment level, since this approach allows dealing with variables that are vaguely defined, and whose inter-relationships are difficult to define. Another advantage provided by this method is the possibility to incorporate expert human judgment in the definition of the alignment level. The last perspective uses a belief Bayesian network method, and was selected in order to assess the alignment level based on members' past behaviour. An example of application is presented where the details of each method are discussed.
- On reliable collaborative mobility servicesPublication . F. G. Osório, A. Luís; Camarinha-Matos, Luis; Afsarmanesh, Hamideh; Belloum, AdamCurrent approaches for development of collaborative business process automation, when requiring the participation of multiple stakeholders, lack proper formalization in terms of the required informatics systems landscape. Existing solutions depend on specific technology strategies and do not offer a suitable model for the fast-growing collaborative services. In this paper, we present the concept of an open informatics system of systems (ISoS), as a holistic framework that can be applied to a European wide payment system for collaborative multimodal mobility services. To illustrate how the ISoS framework could be applied in practice, we consider the payment service to support public transports, motorway and bridges tolling, payment in parking lots, bicycle renting and payment in a fueling station, all under a single contract. While each participating organization (any infrastructure operator) is free to adopt any applicable technology, the proposed ECoNet collaboration infrastructure is aimed to support a multi-supplier (open) informatics system technology landscape. Based on results from previous research, the paper introduces a strategy to allow effective and reliable EU wide collaborative mobility services.
- On the role of value systems and reciprocity in collaborative environmentsPublication . Abreu, António; Camarinha-Matos, Luis M.The establishment of a common value system is an important element for the sustainability of collaborative networks. This paper discusses the role of value systems in the VO breeding environment when the promotion of the cooperation is based on reciprocity mechanism. Some scenarios are included in the discussion and illustrations are given based on data from real networks.
- Exploratory study on risk management in open innovationPublication . Rosas, João; Urze, Paula; Tenera, Alexandra; Abreu, António; Luis M. Camarinha-MatosOpen innovation is a strategy with increasing adoption by value-seeking companies using or sharing technology with the outside world. But this strategy is also accompanied by risk. However, risk management seems to have been overlooked by researchers on open innovation networks. This exploratory work clarifies to what extent the issue of risk has been considered in open innovation research. Presented results are based on interviews and analysis of existing literature on open innovation.
- Assessment of sustainable collaboration in collaborative business ecosystemsPublication . Graça, Paula; Camarinha-Matos, Luis M.Advances in information and communication technologies and, more specifically, in artificial intelligence resulted in more intelligent systems, which, in the business world, particularly in collaborative business ecosystems, can lead to a more streamlined, effective, and sustainable processes. Following the design science research method, this article presents a simulation model, which includes a performance assessment and influence mechanism to evaluate and influence the collaboration of the organisations in a business ecosystem. The establishment of adequate performance indicators to assess the organisations can act as an influencing factor of their behaviour, contributing to enhancing their performance and improving the ecosystem collaboration sustainability. As such, several scenarios are presented shaping the simulation model with actual data gathered from three IT industry organisations running in the same business ecosystem, assessed by a set of proposed performance indicators. The resulting outcomes show that the collaboration can be measured, and the organisations' behaviour can be influenced by varying the weights of the performance indicators adopted by the CBE manager.
- Evaluating and influencing the performance of a collaborative business ecosystem – a simulation studyPublication . Graça, Paula; Camarinha-Matos, Luis M.In a Collaborative Business Ecosystem, organisations collaborate to acquire and accomplish more innovative and challenging market opportunities. But the sustainability of collaboration requires continuous performance improvement. To this end, well-defined performance indicators can be used to both assess the collaboration level and act as an influence mechanism to induce an improvement in the collaborative behaviour of the participating organisations. By varying the importance (weight) of the adopted set of indicators, it is possible to study the variations in behaviour towards improvement, not only at organisations’ level but also at the level of the ecosystem as a whole. In order to assess this hypothesis, this paper contains a case study based on simulation and agent-based modelling whose behaviour is shaped according to actual data on collaboration collected from three companies in the area of the IT industry. Various scenarios are simulated and described.