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- Novel "ruthenium cyclopentadienyl" - peptide conjugate complexes against human FGFR(+) breast cancerPublication . Machado, João Franco; Machuqueiro, Miguel; Marques, Fernanda; Robalo, M. Paula; Piedade, M. Fatima M.; Garcia, M. Helena; Correia, João D. G.; Morais, TâniaIn this work we explored the possibility of improving the selectivity of a cytotoxic Ru complex [RuCp(PPh3)(2,2'-bipy)][CF3SO3] (where Cp = eta(5)-cyclopentadienyl) TM34 towards FGFR(+) breast cancer cells. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of TM34 in a phosphatidylcholine membrane model pinpointed the cyclopentadienyl group as a favorable derivatization position for the peptide conjugation approach. Three new Ru(II) complexes presenting a functionalized eta(5)-cyclopentadienyl were synthesized, namely [Ru(eta(5)-C5H4COOH)(2,2'-bipy)(PPh3][CF3SO3] (TM281) and its precursors, [Ru(eta(5)-C5H4COOCH2CH3)(eta(2)-2,2'-bipy)(PPh3)][CF3SO3] (3) and [Ru(eta(5)-C5H4COOCH2CH3)(PPh3)(2)Cl] (2). Complex TM281 was prepared by the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group appended to the eta(5)-cyclopentadienyl ligand of complex 3 with K2CO3 in water/acetonitrile, followed by mild protonation using an ion exchange resin. The newly synthesized complexes were fully characterized by NMR, FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopic techniques. Also, electrochemical studies were carried out by means of cyclic voltammetry in order to evaluate the stability of the compounds. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies were carried out for compounds 3 and TM281 which crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n. The unprecedented synthesis and characterization of three half-sandwich ruthenium(II)-cyclopentadienyl peptide conjugates and their preliminary biological evaluation against human FGFR(+) and FGFR(-) breast cancer cells are also reported.
- Design and anticancer properties of new water-soluble ruthenium–cyclopentadienyl complexesPublication . Morais, Tânia; Marques, Fernanda; Madeira, Paulo J. Amorim; Robalo, M.P.; Garcia, Maria HelenaRuthenium complexes are emerging as one of the most promising classes of complexes for cancer therapy. However, their limited aqueous solubility may be the major limitation to their potential clinical application. In view and to contribute to the progress of this field, eight new water-soluble Ru(II) organometallic complexes of general formula [RuCp(mTPPMS)n(L)] [CF3SO3], where mTPPMS = diphenylphosphane-benzene-3-sulfonate, for n = 2, L is an imidazole-based ligand (imidazole, 1-benzylimidazole, 1-butylimidazole, (1-(3 aminopropyl)imidazole), and (1-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazole)), and for n = 1, L is a bidentate heteroaromatic ligand (2-benzoylpyridine, (di(2-pyridyl)ketone), and (1,2-(2-pyridyl)benzo-[b]thiophene)) were synthesized and characterized. The new complexes were fully characterized by NMR, FT-IR, UV–vis., ESI-HRMS, and cyclic voltammetry, which confirmed all the proposed molecular structures. The antiproliferative potential of the new Ru(II) complexes was evaluated on MDAMB231 breast adenocarcinoma, A2780 ovarian carcinoma, and HT29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines, showing micromolar (MDAMB231 and HT29) and submicromolar (A2780) IC50 values. The interaction of complex 6 with human serum albumin (HSA) and fatty-acid-free human serum albumin (HSAfaf) was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy techniques, and the results revealed that the ruthenium complex strongly quenches the intrinsic fluorescence of albumin in both cases.
- First heterobimetallic Cu(i)-dppf complexes designed for anticancer applications: synthesis, structural characterization and cytotoxicityPublication . Bravo, Catarina; M. Paula Robalo; Marques, Fernanda; Fernandes, Alexandra; Sequeira, Diogo A.; M. Fatima M. Piedade; Garcia, M. Helena; Villa De Brito, Maria José; Morais, TâniaA new family of eight heterobimetallic Cu(i)-dppf complexes of general formula [Cu(dppf)L][BF4] with dppf = 1,1 '-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene and L representing N,N-, N,O- and N,S-heteroaromatic bidentate ligands have been synthesized and fully characterized by classical analytical, spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. The single crystal structures of [Cu(dppf)(pBI)][BF4] (6), [Cu(dppf)(dpytz)][BF4] (7) and [Cu(dppf)(5-Aphen)][BF4] (8) complexes (where pBI = 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole, dpytz = 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine and 5-Aphen = 1,10-phenanthrolin-5-amine) were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Cytotoxicity of all complexes was evaluated in two human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MCF7 and MDAMB231). All the complexes exhibit high cytotoxicity against both human breast cancer cells with IC50 values far lower than those found for the antitumor drug cisplatin in the same cell lines. The IC50 values on primary healthy fibroblasts are of the same order of magnitude as those found for the tumoral cells.