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- The effectiveness and tolerability of atropine eye drops for myopia control in non-Asian regionsPublication . Simonaviciute, Dovile; Grzybowski, Andrzej; Lança, Carla; Pang, Chi Pui; Gelzinis, Arvydas; Zemaitiene, RedaMyopia is the most common ocular disorder worldwide with an increasing prevalence over the past few decades. It is a refractive error associated with excessive growth of the eyeball. Individuals with myopia, especially high myopia, are prone to develop sight-threatening complications. Currently, atropine is the only drug that is used to slow myopia progression in clinical practice. However, there are still areas of uncertainty such as treatment strategy, optimal concentration when considering the risk-benefit ratio, and active treatment period. Since the prevalence of myopia is much higher in Asian countries, most of the research on myopia control has been conducted in Asia. Data on the efficacy and tolerability of atropine eye drops in the non-Asian population remains limited. In this review, we summarize the results of published clinical trials on the effectiveness and tolerability of atropine eye drops for myopia control in non-Asian regions. The efficacy was evaluated by the mean change in spherical equivalent (SE) or axial length (AL). The tolerability of atropine eye drops was analyzed based on patients' complaints and adverse events. The results of this review suggest that 0.01% atropine eye drops are effective in non-Asian regions achieving fewer side effects compared to 0.5% concentration.
- Effectiveness of myopia control interventions: a systematic review of 12 randomized control trials published between 2019 and 2021Publication . Lança, Carla; Pang, Chi Pui; Grzybowski, AndrzejPurpose: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of interventions to control myopia progression. In this systematic review, the primary outcomes were mean differences (MD) between treatment and control groups in myopia progression (D) and axial length (AL) elongation (mm). Results: The following interventions were found to be effective (p < 0.001): highly aspherical lenslets (HAL, 0.80 D, 95% CI, 0.77-0.83; -0.35 mm, 95% CI -0.36 to -0.34), MiSight contact lenses (0.66 D, 95% CI, 0.63-0.69; -0.28 mm, 95% CI -0.29 to -0.27), low dose atropine 0.05% (0.54 D, 95% CI, 0.38-0.70; -0.21 mm, 95% CI-0.28 to -0.14), Biofinity +2.50 D (0.45 D, 95% CI, 0.29, 0.61; -0.24 mm, 95% CI -0.33 to -0.15), defocus incorporated multiple segments [DIMS] (0.44 D, 95% CI, 0.42-0.46; -0.34 mm, 95% CI -0.35 to -0.33) and ortho-k lenses (-0.24 mm, 95% CI -0.33 to -01.5). Conclusion: Low-dose atropine 0.01% was not effective in reducing AL progression in two studies. Treatment efficacy with low-dose atropine of 0.05% showed good efficacy. Spectacles (HAL and DIMS) and contact lenses (MiSight and Biofinity) may confer a comparable treatment benefit compared to atropine, to slow myopia progression.
- Refractive errors: public health challenges and interventions [editorial]Publication . Lança, Carla; Pang, Chi Pui; Grzybowski, AndrzejUncorrected refractive errors are a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness across many countries. Refractive errors that are not corrected during the critical period of visual system development may lead to serious conditions, such as amblyopia. The largest burden of refractive error is myopia which significantly increases the risk of blinding conditions such as myopic macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataract. Previous studies show that vision impairment in children is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety, and children with myopia revealed higher scores of depression compared with children having normal vision. Substantial impact in the economic health of individuals as well as decreased educational and employment opportunities have been associated with visual impairment and blindness in adults. Decreased quality of life, increased risk of falls and increased risk of death have also been associated with visual impairment and blindness in older adults. Additionally, visual impairment may coexist with other health conditions, amplifying the impact of comorbidities, thereby increasing the disability risk. In the past few years, epidemiological research has shown that uncorrected refractive errors are a major public health issue in many parts of the world. However, more research is needed to determine the full extent of the threat posed by refractive errors, to establish effective interventions and to consolidate prevention efforts. This Research Topic comprises 28 studies including original research articles and reviews on refractive errors, such as research trends and prevalence, risk factors, retinal biomarkers, treatment, and health promotion.
- Corrigendum: Effectiveness of myopia control interventions: a systematic review of 12 randomized control trials published between 2019 and 2021Publication . Lança, Carla; Pang, Chi Pui; Grzybowski, Andrzej[Erratum for: Front Public Health. 2023;11:1125000. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1125000.]