Refractive errors: public health challenges and interventions [editorial]

Lança, Carla; Pang, Chi Pui; Grzybowski, Andrzej

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/16549

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Authors

Lança, Carla

Pang, Chi Pui

Grzybowski, Andrzej

Abstract(s)

Uncorrected refractive errors are a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness across many countries. Refractive errors that are not corrected during the critical period of visual system development may lead to serious conditions, such as amblyopia. The largest burden of refractive error is myopia which significantly increases the risk of blinding conditions such as myopic macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataract. Previous studies show that vision impairment in children is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety, and children with myopia revealed higher scores of depression compared with children having normal vision. Substantial impact in the economic health of individuals as well as decreased educational and employment opportunities have been associated with visual impairment and blindness in adults. Decreased quality of life, increased risk of falls and increased risk of death have also been associated with visual impairment and blindness in older adults. Additionally, visual impairment may coexist with other health conditions, amplifying the impact of comorbidities, thereby increasing the disability risk. In the past few years, epidemiological research has shown that uncorrected refractive errors are a major public health issue in many parts of the world. However, more research is needed to determine the full extent of the threat posed by refractive errors, to establish effective interventions and to consolidate prevention efforts. This Research Topic comprises 28 studies including original research articles and reviews on refractive errors, such as research trends and prevalence, risk factors, retinal biomarkers, treatment, and health promotion.