ISEL - Eng. Elect. Tel. Comp. - Artigos
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- Convolutional neural network approach for fault detection and characterization in medium voltage distribution networksPublication . Shafei, Atefeh Pour; Silva, J. Fernando A.; Monteiro, J.; ElsevierPower outages significantly impact the power industry by disrupting social welfare and economic stability. Still, existing methods for fault detection face challenges due to load and network topology, conditions, and installed equipment. However, recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are enabling researchers to create alternative approaches for fault detection and location strategies. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel method for detecting, classifying, and locating faults in power systems through voltage waveform analysis using a convolutional neural network (CNN) integrated with the Piecewise Function Put Together (PFPT) algorithm for fault detection and fault zone localization in a power distribution network. Utilizing Park's transformation, noise reduction PFPT sine fitting, and CNNs, the proposed method distinguishes between 'healthy' and 'faulty' conditions. Simulation results reveal that while the voltage Park's vector time behavior of a healthy system remains stable, it exhibits circular or mixed patterns under faulty conditions. These patterns enable the identification of four types of short circuit faults—single-line-to-ground (LG), line-to-line (LL), line-to-line-to-ground (LLG), and three-line (3L) faults—by analyzing 3D voltage Park's waveforms at network buses. The study validates fault type identification through the observation of rotating Park vectors from sine fitting of time-based voltage waveforms. By converting 3D voltage waveforms into high-resolution images, the method utilizes a CNN for fault recognition, achieving an accuracy of 93.1%. This innovative approach underscores the robustness and precision of combining traditional electrical engineering techniques with modern AI.
- Decomposition-driven Mamba state space models with expert routing for wind curtailment forecastingPublication . Seman, Laio Oriel; Stefenon, Stefano Frizzo; Matos-Carvalho, João Pedro; Stefenon, Stefano Frizzo; ElsevierWind power curtailment, known in Brazil as constrained-off, has intensified with the rapid expansion of renew able generation, driven by transmission operational constraints. Accurate forecasting of curtailment is essential for grid planning, compensation mechanisms, and infrastructure optimization. However, constrained-off time series exhibit strong non-stationarity, multi-scale behavior, and long-range dependencies that challenge conventional forecasting models. This paper proposes a decomposition-driven Mamba state space framework with Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) routing for wind curtailment forecasting. The approach integrates Entropy-Guided Variational Mode Decomposition (EG-VMD) for adaptive trend and noise separation, Reversible Instance Normalization to mitigate distribution shift, multi-scale seasonal-trend modeling, and a sparse expert-based Mamba backbone with linear-time complexity. In benchmark comparisons against state-of-the-art forecasting models, the proposed MoE-Mamba reduces Mean Squared Error (MSE) by up to 27%, Root Mean Squared Error by 14.6%, and Mean Absolute Error by 16.1% relative to the strongest baselines, while improving upon a single-expert Mamba by 15.6% in MSE. The results highlight the effectiveness of decomposition-enhanced State Space Models with expert routing for scalable, long-horizon forecasting in renewable power systems.
- Optimized Harmonic-Multiscale Kolmogorov–Arnold Network denoised by EWT for hydroelectric dam useful volume forecastPublication . Stefenon, Stefano Frizzo; Seman, Laio Oriel; Matos-Carvalho, João Pedro; Nied, Ademir; Gonzalez, Gabriel Villarrubia; Yow, Kin-Choong; Stefenon, Stefano Frizzo; ElsevierAccurate forecasting of the useful volume of a hydroelectric reservoir is essential for energy planning and water resource management. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel Harmonic-Multiscale Kolmogorov–Arnold Network forecasting model. The model integrates sinusoidal (Sin) basis functions to model global oscillatory patterns and wavelet (Wav) bases to capture localized transient features within the Kolmogorov Arnold Network (KAN) framework (SinWavKAN). This hybrid representation enhances feature expressiveness by jointly modeling smooth long-term dependencies and short-term irregular dynamics. The input signals are first denoised using the Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) to isolate informative modes from noise, and the SinWavKAN’s hyperparameters are optimized via an Adaptive Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (ATPE). An ablation study confirmed the synergistic superiority of the sinusoidal-wavelet combination over other basis functions. Compared to state-of-the-art KAN variants (e.g., fastKAN, PyKAN, WavKAN), the proposed architecture, named in short Opt-EWT-SinWavKAN, demonstrated a reduction in mean absolute error by approximately 85%–93% across forecasting horizons from 1 to 30 days. The results conclusively show that the Opt-EWT-SinWavKAN provides a more reliable approach for hydroelectric reservoir volume forecasting.