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- New heterogeneous catalysts for trans-esterification of triglyceridesPublication . Gomes, João F.; Puna, J. F.; Bordado, J. Carlos; Correia, M. JoanaThis paper describes preliminary work done towards the development of new metallic heterogeneous catalysts to be used in the transesterification reaction of triglycerides, which is of considerable interest in the production of biodiesel. Biodiesel, is a mixture of mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids, and is currently manufactured by transesterification of triglycerides with methanol using NaOH or KOH as liquid base catalyst. Catalysts as such are corrosive to the equipment, and as these catalysts are in liquid phase must be neutralized after the completion of the reaction, typically using HCl, thus producing salt streams. Moreover, due to the presence of free fatty acids it reacts to form soaps as unwanted by-products, hence requiring more expensive separation processes. Therefore, there is a great need on the development of industrial processes for biodiesel production using solid acid catalysts. The key benefit of using solid acid catalysts is that no polluting by-products are formed and the catalysts do not have to be removed since they do not mix with the biodiesel product.
- Asphalt rubber mixtures in Portugal: fatigue resistancePublication . Miranda, Henrique; Batista, Fátima; Neves, José; Antunes, Maria de Lurdes; Fonseca, PauloThis paper presents a study concerning the fatigue behaviour of asphalt mixtures with bitumen modified with high content of crumb rubber used in Portugal. For assessing the fatigue behaviour of this type of mixtures, four asphalt mixtures with high content of crumb rubber were used: two field bituminous mixtures – an open-graded and a gap-graded – both with granite aggregates; and two laboratory manufactured bituminous mixtures – an open-graded mixture with granite aggregates and a gap-graded mixture with crushed gravel aggregates. Since this type of mixtures are mainly applied in wearing courses, the effect of ageing in the fatigue behaviour of one of the studied asphalt rubber mixtures was also assessed through laboratory testing. The paper presents the main results achieved so far concerning the fatigue resistance and it could be concluded that all the materials have exhibited a good behaviour, in agreement with others previous studies. In the case of the aged gap-graded material, it was observed a slight reduction on the fatigue life comparatively to the un-aged one.
- The portuguese insurance industry: basis for strategic process decisionPublication . Cruz, Manuel Mendes da; Martins, Hélder FanhaNowadays, the Portuguese insurance industry operates in a market with a much more aggressive structure than a few decades ago. Markets and the economy have become globalised since the last decade of the 20th century. Market forces have gradually shifted – power is now mainly on the demand side. In order to meet the new requirements, the insurance industry must develop a strong strategic ability to respond to constant changes of the new international economic order.One of the basic aspects of this strategic development will focus on the ability to predict the future. We introduce the subject by briefly describing the sector, its organisational structure in the Portuguese market, and challenges arising from the development of the European Union. We then analyse the economic and financial structure of the sector. From this point of view, we aim at the possibility of designing models that could explain the demand for insurance, claims and technical reserves evolution. Such models, (even if based on the past), would resolve, at least partly, one of the greatest difficulties experienced by insurance companies when estimating the budget. Thus, we examine the existence of variables that explain the previous points, which are capable of forming a basis for designing models that are simple but efficient, and can be used for strategic planning.
- Web 2.0 and its impact on knowledge and business organizationsPublication . Cruz, Manuel Mendes da; Martins, Hélder FanhaToday, information overload and the lack of systems that enable locating employees with the right knowledge or skills are common challenges that large organisations face. This makes knowledge workers to re-invent the wheel and have problems to retrieve information from both internal and external resources. In addition, information is dynamically changing and ownership of data is moving from corporations to the individuals. However, there is a set of web based tools that may cause a major progress in the way people collaborate and share their knowledge. This article aims to analyse the impact of ‘Web 2.0’ on organisational knowledge strategies. A comprehensive literature review was done to present the academic background followed by a review of current ‘Web 2.0’ technologies and assessment of their strengths and weaknesses. As the framework of this study is oriented to business applications, the characteristics of the involved segments and tools were reviewed from an organisational point of view. Moreover, the ‘Enterprise 2.0’ paradigm does not only imply tools but also changes the way people collaborate, the way the work is done (processes) and finally impacts on other technologies. Finally, gaps in the literature in this area are outlined.
- Effectiveness of online corporate collaborative teamsPublication . Martins, Hélder Fanha; Ferro, Maria JoãoWith this article we intend to contribute to the understanding of what can make Online Collaborative Teams (OCT) effective. This is done by identifying what can be considered best practices for individual team members, for leaders of OCT, and for the organizations that the teams are a part of. Best practices in these categories were identified from the existing literature related to online teams and collaborative work literature.
- A systematic procedure to enhance reproducibility of SWASV cycles in the determination of toxic metals in real samplesPublication . Silva, Nelson A. F.; Leitão, Ruben A. E.; Matos, Manuel J.This work presents for the first time a systematic study on the optimization of the electrochemical cleaning time of a mercury film when it is used as a working electrode material in the analysis of toxic metals, such as Pb2+, used as model metal, in real samples by SWASV. The optimization study for the film’s cleaning time aimed at attaining a Pb2+ minimum value in the film after the re-oxidation step of the pre-concentrated metal, given the impossibility of complete removal of traces of the electroactive species from the film. This value was kept constant in each concentration range studied ensuring thus that all assays were performed in initial identical conditions. An assay performed on a synthetic sample was taken as reference. In it, given the absence of matrix effects, and after the electrochemical cleaning step, a direct proportionality was observed between the residual amounts of Pb2+ in the film (which for the cleaning time used was never completely removed) and Pb2+ concentration in the solution. This fact determined a high correlation between Pb2+ peak current and Pb2+ concentration which was not observed when real samples (tree leaves) were analyzed. This behavior may result from the presence of the interfering surfactants always present in real samples of complex matrix. Cleaning time optimization was performed for the following Pb2+ concentration ranges in the real samples of complex matrix: 0.006-0.020, 0.020-0.080, 0.060-0.200 and 0.100-0.600 ppb. As expected, in order to obtain identical levels of film’s cleaning efficiency, the need for longer cleaning times has been observed for higher concentrations. The optimized cleaning times for the concentration ranges under study were 120, 150, 180 e 300 s, respectively.
- Supercritical CO2 extraction of secondary metabolites from Agaricus blazei: experiments and modellingPublication . Coelho, José P.; Casquinha, Lúcia; Velez, António; Karmali, AminThe mycelium and young fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei were submitted to supercritical CO2 extraction, in a modified commercial flow apparatus, at temperatures from 40 to 80 ºC, pressures up to 600 bar and CO2 flow-rates from 2.0 to 9.0 g.min-1. The best extraction conditions of secondary metabolites, whereby the degree of solubilization (g extract/100 g of fungi) is the highest, was obtained with pure CO2 at 400 bar, 70 ºC and a CO2 flow rate of 5.7g.min-1. The extract in that conditions were analysed by GC-Ms. In order to increase the extraction yield of secondary metabolites, which are mostly present in glycolipid fractions, a polar compound (ethanol) was used as co-solvent in the proportions of 5 and 10 % (mol/mol). The presence of ethanol increased the yield when compared with the extraction with pure CO2. Moreover, a simple model was applied to the supercritical CO2 extraction of secondary metabolites from Agaricus blazei.
- SAR calculation using FDTD simulationsPublication . Ferro, Francisco Nabais; Pinto, Guilherme Taveira; Pinho, PedroThe main intend of this work, is to determinate the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) on human head tissues exposed to radiation caused by sources of 900 and 1800MHz, since those are the typical frequencies for mobile communications systems nowadays. In order to determinate the SAR, has been used the FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain), which is a numeric method in time domain, obtained from the Maxwell equations in differential mode. In order to do this, a computational model from the human head in two dimensions made with cells of the smallest possible size was implemented, respecting the limits from computational processing. It was possible to verify the very good efficiency of the FDTD method in the resolution of those types of problems.
- Scorpionate complexes as catalysts for alkane functionalizationPublication . Martins, Luísa M. D. R. S.A survey of the scorpionate tris(pyrazolyl)methane complexes synthesized by our group is presented, as well as their structural features and catalytic applications toward the funtionalization of linear and cyclic light alkanes.
- Uma sombra o precede: lei da morte, hospitalidade e cuidados de suportePublication . Marques, Manuel SilvérioO tópico “Saúde, complexidades e perplexidades” é uma óptima maneira de nos fazer pensar “sobre a morte e o morrer nas sociedades contemporâneas” sem facilidades e sem fingimentos. Bem hajam, pois, por esta oportunidade. O meu propósito neste trabalho é limitado: partilhar algumas interrogações em torno do desaparecimento da ordem social “hospitaleira”, ou seja, da invenção do moribundo anónimo. Antes quero deixar uma breve nota sobre a complexidade no horizonte da tensão inegável entre o decadente humanismo médico-assistencial e uma biomedicina “épica” e reificadora. Trata-se de aceitar o papel da incerteza e da incógnita no mundo da vida, no mundo das escolhas e dos valores: a medicina é, desde os gregos, uma prática de afrontamento e de redução do acaso (os gregos distinguiam, segundo o prognóstico, doenças do acaso e doenças da necessidade). Daqui a invenção do kairós, a boa ocasião, a exigência de acribia, a justa medida. Daqui a teoria da prudência, da precaução, o célebre preceito primo non nocere; muitos argumentos utilizados nos debates sobre as oposições aristotélicas tyché/techné (acaso/arte) e necessário/não necessário foram integrados na doutrina da Krisis, da decisão. No exercício da clínica (e na vida), o juízo é incerto, vulnerável, entre singularidade e complexidade. Com efeito, a melhor compreensão da complexidade organizada a partir da nova “iatromecânica” e da velha “iatrofilosofia” remete-nos hoje para o “todo” biopsicossocial. O acto médico, que já foi principalmente regime (dieta) e profecia (prognóstico), hoje é cura e cuidado, prevenção e reabilitação, tende a ser cada vez mais reparação e paliação. É, porém, sempre, encontro e relação terapêutica; mais que a doença, o seu foco é – deve ser – o doente e a sua circunstância. A boa posição é, por isso, clínica; o termo clínica significa, etimologicamente, à cabeceira do doente. Eis os contornos desta pequena apologia da hospitalidade em medicina, em especial do acolhimento e do reconhecimento do doente dependente ou em fim de vida. Afinal a morte é uma tragédia inter-pessoal: sempre único o ser humano, nunca é só. Uma sombra o precede.