Percorrer por autor "Gomes dos Santos, P."
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- Are the separate financial accounts also relevant? Assessing those accounts reported by listed European entitiesPublication . Ribeiro, M. C.; Albuquerque, F.; Gomes dos Santos, P.The International Accounting Standard (IAS) 27 should be used in the preparation of separate financial statements (SFS) for entities with securities traded on regulated markets within the European Union (EU) that adopt International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This research aims to assess the value relevance of SFS. Additionally, it also analyses the value relevance of the interests under IAS 27 reported therein. It uses documental analysis as a technique and archival research as a method, with entities from the major indices of EU countries as a research sample. Linear regression models are used for data analysis. The findings indicate that both the SFS and those interests influence the entities’ share prices. As far as the authors’ knowledge, this research solves a gap in the literature by assessing the value relevance of interests reported in the SFS and the SFS itself, which have not been reaching the same attention by researchers compared to studies with similar purposes but focusing on the consolidated financial statements. As a contribution, this study can benefit standard-setter bodies and local regulators in understanding the usefulness of SFS for stakeholders’ decision-making by stressing the relevance of those accounts, and the material items reported therein.
- Assessing the countries’ convergence to IPSAS from a cultural perspectivePublication . Gomes dos Santos, P.; Albuquerque, F.; International Journal of Accounting & Information ManagementPurpose – This paper aims to assess the factors that may explain the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) convergence, considering Hofstede’s cultural dimensions as the theoretical reference for the cultural approach proposed. Additional factors include countries’ contextual and macroeconomic characteristics. Design/methodology/approach – Logistic and probit regression models were used to identify the factors that may explain the IPSAS (fully or adapted) use by countries, including 166 countries in this assessment (59 for those whose cultural dimensions are available). Findings – The findings consistently indicate collectivism and indebtedness levels as explanatory factors, providing insights into cultural dimensions along with macroeconomic characteristics as a relevant factor of countries’ convergence to IPSAS. Research limitations/implications – There are different levels of IPSAS convergence by countries that were not considered. This aspect may hide different countries’ characteristics that may explain those options, which could not be distinguished in this paper. Practical implications – As a result of this paper, the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board may gain insights that can be applied within the IPSAS due process to overcome the main challenges when collaborating with national authorities to achieve a high level of convergence. This analysis may include how to accommodate countries’ cultural differences as well as their contextual and macroeconomic characteristics. Social implications – There is a trend of moving toward accrual-based accounting standards by countries. Because the public sector embraces a new culture following the IPSAS path, it is relevant to assess if there are cultural factors, besides contextual and macroeconomic characteristics, that may explain the countries’ convergence to those standards. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first cross-country analysis on the likely influence of cultural dimensions on IPSAS convergence as far as the authors’ knowledge.
- Can ChatGPT improve the readability of financial reporting by the public sector entities? The case of Lisbon municipalityPublication . Albuquerque, F.; Gomes dos Santos, P.The readability of financial reporting from the users’ perspective is an essential element to ensure its usefulness and, therefore, its relevance. Through the lens of Cognitive Load Theory and plain language principles, this quasi-experimental research aims to assess whether an artificial intelligence tool, specifically ChatGPT in its GPT-4 model, can be effective in enhancing the readability of the Lisbon municipality’s annual reports and accounts for the year ending in 2023. For this purpose, six surveys, each one including two versions of six different excerpts collected from that source (an original version and a modified one), were distributed among twelve (one survey by two of them) experts on public sector financial matters. The findings globally indicate higher readability levels of the modified version of the excerpts, that is, the one produced by ChatGPT from the original version and following a prompt proposed by researchers. Respondents argued that benefits mostly relate to the text’s form and content. Although exploratory, this study may contribute to the literature by highlighting the potential benefits of using ChatGPT to enhance the readability and overall usefulness of public financial reports for a broader audience, thereby benefiting various stakeholders, including preparers, users, regulators, policymakers, and auditors.
- Do the European entities use impression management strategies in their messages on the Russia-Ukraine war?Publication . Rabaço, T.; Albuquerque, F.; Gomes dos Santos, P.; GCGThere may be an attempt by entities affected by the consequences of the Russia-Ukraine war to obfuscate or emphasize positive news when disclosing it, using impression management strategies. This paper aims to assess the use of those strategies for 212 listed European entities, using 2021 annual consolidated reports. The findings indicate that, within two-thirds of entities that disclosed this event, mainly in voluntary sources, reduced levels of readability were found. Furthermore, although neutrality prevailed, the entities expressed some uncertainty linked to their claim of being immune to the war’s effects. Finally, differences by country and industry were occasionally identified.
- Exploring ChatGPT’s capabilities in solving accounting standards problems: the case of IAS 37Publication . Albuquerque, F.; Gomes dos Santos, P.Using a quasi-experimental method and content analysis as a technique, this study tests ChatGPT, in its version 4, by assessing its textual characteristics and overall understanding regarding the recognition criteria of provisions under International Accounting Standards (IAS) 37, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). For this purpose, it uses a set of questions (input) from the IASB’s illustrative examples to compare the answers (output) from IASB and ChatGPT in two distinct strategies: with and without prompting. The findings indicate that ChatGPT’s answers are wordier, have higher magnitude levels, and are more predominantly inserted in Business and Finance. The no-prompting strategy is globally more negative and subjective, while the prompting one improves the answers’ focus and readability, also presenting more diverse tones in its textual characteristics, similar to what was found in the IASB’s answers. However, some answers were not globally accurate in both strategies. These findings provide insights into how ChatGPT, as one of the most disseminated artificial intelligence tools, can be used by accounting professionals and educators, being aware of the potential risks and benefits from both strategies underlying this experiment. Then, by considering those aspects, practitioners, including accountants and managers, but also investors can use it to understand the matters and issues under assessment in a given situation, as well as the sources to consider when preparing financial statements or making a decision. Academics can also use it to open up discussions and promote students’ critical thinking skills in a classroom environment.
- Is Portugal gaming with the performance feedback of the late payments directive? Evidence from the Portuguese municipalitiesPublication . Gomes dos Santos, P.; Albuquerque, F.This paper aims to assess the possible use of gaming by the Portuguese government by allowing Portuguese municipalities not to consider all the short-term liabilities on the European Late Payments Directive (LPD) performance measurement. The analysis is based on data from 308 Portuguese municipalities from 2014 to 2019, using panel data regression. A breakdown by those local governments that comply, or do not, with the LPD threshold, as well as by size classes is also performed to provide a more in-depth analysis of findings. The findings indicate that the total debt of Portuguese municipalities is significantly explained by commercial liabilities that are not considered in the LPD performance measurement. They also show that the payment period has reduced on average, but is still not aligned with the LPD 30-day objective. Moreover, the larger local governments are the ones with the lower payment period on average, mostly complying with the LPD threshold. Despite being limited to municipalities and a single country, its findings may highlight the need for defining common performance measures for the European Union (EU), since Portugal is a member state. This can be relevant for policy-makers but also for a broader audience that includes local citizens and regulatory bodies within the EU.
- What material topics by ESG dimensions can be found within the materiality matrix from the European entities’ sustainability reports?Publication . Albuquerque, F.; Gomes dos Santos, P.; Barreiro Rodrigues, M. A.Materiality is a crucial concept in accounting and auditing, allowing the determination of relevant matters from the perspective of the entity and its stakeholders. This paper addresses an objective linked to disclosures on materiality in sustainability reporting by assessing the content of the topics underlying the materiality matrix by the environmental, social and governance (ESG) dimensions. The study adopts archival research as a method and content analysis as an investigation technique, using as a source different types of consolidated sustainability reports of the entities that make up the main indices of Euronext for 2021. The findings identify the predominance of topics related to the social dimension, with differences by country and industry. This research contributes to the literature and practice, which include standard-setting bodies, regulators, auditors, and stakeholders of sustainability reporting. Such contributions are identified by a novelty analysis regarding the content of the materiality matrix, and by proposing future avenues regarding the disclosure of materiality within a relevant source of entities’ reporting.