Browsing by Author "Gomes, J. F."
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- Análise das implicações para a saúde humana do uso das nanotecnologiasPublication . Albuquerque, Paula; Gomes, J. F.As nanotecnologias representam um importante potencial para a promoção da qualidade de vida e da competitividade industrial na Europa. Um material com nanodimensões tem uma relação superfície/volume que vai alterar as suas propriedades físicas, químicas, ópticas e magnéticas do material e fazer com que este reaja de maneira diferente e de uma forma desconhecida com os organismos e o ambiente. As nanopartículas são capazes de entrar facilmente no organismo através da pele, pulmões e capazes de originar efeitos no ambiente a nível de água, solo e ar. A nível de saúde muitos dos estudos são projectados como uma analogia à exposição humana ao quartzo, e ao amianto, e também no que concerne à poluição do ar e aplicações médicas (fármacos) com nanopartículas. Relativamente ao ambiente, existem ainda poucos estudos, mas ainda assim, surgem certas evidências que relatam, que dependendo das características e tipos de interacção dos nanomateriais com ecossistemas poderá ocorrer entre outros, retenção dos mesmos no ambiente. A investigação é ainda diminuta, fornecendo poucas evidências, no entanto, existem factos e resultados indicadores de que os efeitos na saúde e ambiente poderão ser prejudicais. A prevenção da doença e do ambiente deverão ser salvaguardadas e serem objecto de intervenções prioritárias. O conhecimento das relações existentes entre nanopartículas emitidas para o ar e a saúde humana, em diferentes condições ambientais, é de importância primordial para melhorar as estimativas de exposição, assim como para o desenvolvimento de estratégias eficientes de controlo para reduzir a exposição humana, os riscos sobre a saúde, e, também para estabelecer, avaliar e melhorar os regulamentos e a legislação relativa à qualidade do ar, emissões e a utilização de nanomateriais em produtos de consumo corrente.
- Comparison of deposited surface area of airborne ultrafine particles generated from two welding processesPublication . Gomes, J. F.; Albuquerque, Paula Cristina; Miranda, Rosa M.; Santos, Telmo G.; Vieira, M. T.This article describes work performed on the assessment of the levels of airborne ultrafine particles emitted in two welding processes metal-active gas (MAG) of carbon steel and friction-stir welding (FSW) of aluminium in terms of deposited area in alveolar tract of the lung using a nanoparticle surface area monitor analyser. The obtained results showed the dependence from process parameters on emitted ultrafine particles and clearly demonstrated the presence of ultrafine particles, when compared with background levels. The obtained results showed that the process that results on the lower levels of alveolar-deposited surface area is FSW, unlike MAG. Nevertheless, all the tested processes resulted in important doses of ultrafine particles that are to be deposited in the human lung of exposed workers.
- Determination of airborne nanoparticles in elderly care centresPublication . Almeida-Silva, Marina; Almeida, Susana Marta; Gomes, J. F.; Albuquerque, Paula; Wolterbeek, H. Th.According to numerous studies, airborne nanoparticles have a potential to produce serious adverse human health effects when deposited into the respiratory tract. The most important parts of the lung are the alveolar regions with their enormous surface areas and potential to transfer nanoparticles into the blood stream. These effects may be potentiated in case of the elderly, since this population is more susceptible to air pollutants in general and more to nanoparticles than larger particles. The main goal of this investigation was to determine the exposure of institutionalized elders to nanoparticles using Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitor (NSAM) equipment to calculate the deposited surface area (DSA) of nanoparticles into elderly lungs. In total, 193 institutionalized individuals over 65 yr of age were examined in four elderly care centers (ECC). The occupancy daily pattern was achieved by applying a questionnaire, and it was concluded that these subjects spent most of their time indoors, including the bedroom and living room, the indoor microenvironments with higher prevalence of elderly occupancy. The deposited surface area ranged from 10 to 46 μm2/cm3. The living rooms presented significantly higher levels compared with bedrooms. Comparing PM10 concentrations with nanoparticles deposited surface area in elderly lungs, it is conceivable that living rooms presented the highest concentration of PM10 and were similar to the highest average DSA. The temporal distribution of DSA was also assessed. While data showed a quantitative fluctuation in values in bedrooms, high peaks were detected in living rooms.
- Evaluation of the amount of nanoparticles emitted in LASER additive manufacture/weldingPublication . Gomes, J. F.; Miranda, R.; Oliveira, J. P.; Esteves, H. M.; Albuquerque, PaulaObjectives: The objective of this study was the evaluation of the professional exposure to nanoparticles during tasks performed in workstations for production of metallic parts by laser welding additive manufacturing. Materials and methods: The study was developed in an installed additive manufacturing machine, having controlled temperature and humidity in an industrial unit where metal parts were being produced using stainless steel powders of granulometry of 10 to 35 μm. Results and discussion: Monitoring of airborne nanoparticles emission was made using adequate equipment, which showed considerable number of nanoparticles over the baseline, having the same composition as the steel powder used. Conclusion: It is concluded that the values of professional exposure to nanoparticles are high in these workstations and that the nanoparticles to which the workers are exposed are small in size (around 15 nm), thus having a strong capacity for alveolar penetration and, consequently, with a strong possibility of passing to the bloodstream, accumulating in the body.