Browsing by Author "Alves, M."
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- Does the intake of LC-PUFAS during pregnancy affect the body composition of term neonates? Preliminary resultsPublication . Camões, T.; Silva, A.; Neves, R.; Pereira-da-Silva, Luís; Moreira, Ana Catarina; Virella, Daniel; Alves, M.; Papoila, A. L.; Serelha, M.; Mendes, Lino; Cordeiro-Ferreira, G.Background: The effect of the intake of polynsaturated long chain fatty acids (LCPUFAs) during pregnancy on fetal body composition has been assessed by studies using mostly neonatal anthropometry. Their results have been inconsistent, probably because neonatal anthropometry has several validity limitations. Air displacement plethismography (ADP) is a recently validated non-invasive method for assessing body composition in neonates. Objective: To determine the effect of the intake of LCPUFAs during pregnancy on the body composition of term neonates, measured by ADP. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of healthy full-term neonates and their mothers. The diet during pregnancy was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire; Food Processor Plus® was used to convert food intake into nutritional values. Body composition was estimated by anthropometry and measured by ADP using Pea Pod™ Life Measurements Inc (fat mass - FM, fat-free mass and %FM) within the first 72h after birth. Univariate and multivariate analysis (linear regression model) were performed. Results: 54 mother-neonate pairs were included. Multivariate analysis adjusted to the maternal body mass index shows positive association between LCPUFAs intake and neonatal mid-arm circumference (= 0,610, p = 0,019) and negative association between n-6:n-3 ratio intake and neonatal %FM (= -2,744, p=0,066). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on this subject using ADP and showing a negative association between LCPUFAs n-6:n-3 ratio intake in pregnancy and neonatal %FM. This preliminary finding requires confirmation increasing the study power with a greater sample and performing interventional studies.
- Exposição dos técnicos de medicina nuclear durante testes de ventilação pulmonarPublication . Alves, M.; Duarte, Ana Cristina; Mylkivska, A.; Pereira, E.; Jerónimo, V.; Carolino, Elisabete; Vieira, Lina OliveiraIntrodução – O teste da ventilação requer a inalação de um radiofármaco pelo paciente, o que pode conduzir a contaminações dos técnicos de medicina nuclear (TMN) pelo gás radioativo. Objetivo – Avaliar a exposição à radiação ionizante do TMN durante testes de ventilação pulmonar com 99mTc-Technegas® através da monitorização de contaminações externas das mãos e rosto. Métodos – Monitorização de quatro TMN de dois serviços diferentes durante a realização de estudos de ventilação pulmonar, utilizando para o efeito o monitor de radiação Geiger-Müller. Foram medidos os valores de radiação de fundo da sala onde é realizado o teste de ventilação pulmonar antes e após o procedimento, com e sem a presença do paciente; foi medida a taxa de dose nas mãos (com e sem as luvas utilizadas no procedimento) e no rosto (com e sem a máscara utilizada no procedimento). Os dados foram analisados no software estatístico SPSS, v. 22.0 para Windows. Resultados – Verificou-se que em ambos os serviços de medicina nuclear estudados os valores de taxa de dose mais elevados foram medidos após o teste de ventilação, com o paciente dentro da sala. O serviço Y apresentou valores de taxa de dose superiores ao nível de significância de 5% nas mãos com as respetivas luvas, nas luvas usadas durante o procedimento, no rosto com a respetiva máscara e na máscara. Conclusão – A contaminação na sala é tanto maior quanto maior o número de estudos de ventilação realizados. As luvas constituem uma barreira externa contra a contaminação direta nas mãos. As máscaras reduzem o risco de contaminação do rosto do TMN.
- Resting energy expenditure, macronutrient utilization, and body composition in term infants after corrective surgery of major congenital anomalies: a case-studyPublication . Pereira-da-Silva, Luís; Rodrigues, L.; Moreira, Ana Catarina; Virella, Daniel; Alves, M.; Correia, M.; Cordeiro-Ferreira, G.Introduction - Knowledge on the metabolic changes and nutritional needs during the postsurgical anabolic phase in infants is scarce. This analysis explores the associations of resting energy expenditure (REE) and macronutrient utilization with body composition of full-term infants, during catch-up growth after corrective surgery of major congenital anomalies. Methods - A cohort of full-term appropriate for-gestational-age neonates subjected to corrective surgery of major congenital anomalies were recruited after gaining weight for at least one week. REE and macronutrient utilization, measured by respiratory quotient (RQ), were assessed by indirect calorimetry using the Deltatrac II Metabolic Monitor ®. Body composition, expressed as fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and adiposity defined as percentage of FM (% FM), was measured by air displacement plethysmography using the Pea Pod ®. Results - Four infants were included at 3 to 5 postnatal weeks. Recommended energy and macronutrient intakes for healthy term infants were provided. Through the study, the median (min-max) REE (Kcal/Kg FFM/d) was 70.8 (60.6-96.1) and RQ was 0.99 (0.72-1.20). Steady increases in both body weight and FFM were associated with initial decrease in FM and adiposity followed by their increase. Low RQ preceded decrease in adiposity. Conclusion - The marked adiposity depletion, not expected during steady weight gain in the postsurgical period, prompts us to report this finding. The subsequent adiposity catch-up was associated with relatively high REE and RQ, suggesting preferential oxidation of carbohydrates and preservation of lipids for fat storage.