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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Este estudo apresenta uma análise comparativa das relativas
apositivas introduzidas pelo pronome relativo o qual em português
europeu contemporâneo e na diacronia do português.
Do ponto de vista descritivo, existe um contraste marcado
entre as propriedades das relativas apositivas com o qual na
sincronia e diacronia do português. Este contraste é descrito
tendo em conta os seguintes parâmetros: (i) núcleo interno;
(ii) extraposição; (iii) pied-piping; (iv) antecedente oracional;
(v) antecedente descontínuo; (vi) coordenação do pronome
relativo com um grupo nominal; (vii) força ilocutória; (viii) conjunção
coordenativa. A análise que se propõe para explicar
os contrastes observados toma como referência o quadro da
Teoria de Princípios e Parâmetros (Chomsky 1981 e trabalhos
subsequentes), na sua versão minimalista (e.g., Chomsky 1993,
1995). A mudança linguística é interpretada com base no modelo
proposto por Lightfoot (1991, 1999 e trabalhos posteriores),
que estabelece uma relação estreita entre mudança
linguística e aquisição da linguagem. A ideia central é a de que
as relativas apositivas não envolvem apenas uma estrutura
sintáctica, podendo ser geradas por coordenação especificante
(cf. De Vries 2006) ou por elevação do núcleo (cf. Kayne
1994, Bianchi 1999). Aplicando esta abordagem não unitária
aos contrastes observados em português, propõe-se que em
estádios anteriores do português as orações apositivas introduzidas
por o qual são geradas por coordenação especificante,
enquanto em português europeu contemporâneo são geradas
por elevação do núcleo. Esta hipótese deriva as propriedades
contrastivas acima mencionadas, fornecendo também
uma base teórica sólida para explicar a mudança que ocorreu
na história do português.
Abstract This study presents a comparative analysis of appositive relative clauses introduced by the relative marker o qual lit. ‘the which’ in contemporary European Portuguese and earlier stages of Portuguese. From a descriptive point of view, it is shown that o qual-appositive relative clauses in contemporary European Portuguese and earlier stages of Portuguese contrast sharply with respect to the following properties: (i) internal head; (ii) extraposition; (iii) pied-piping; (iv) clausal antecedent; (v) split antecedent; (vi) coordination of the relative morpheme with a noun phrase; (vii) illocutionary force; (viii) coordinator. The analysis proposed to account for these contrasts is developed within the Principles and Parameters framework of generative syntax (Chomsky 1981 and subsequent work) in its minimalist version (e.g., Chomsky 1993, 1995). The interpretation and explanation of the grammatical change under scrutiny is developed within the model proposed by Lightfoot (1991, 1999, and subsequent work), which associates diachronic change with language acquisition. The central claim is that appositive relatives cannot be derived from a single syntactic analysis. Instead, they might be generated by two different structures: the raising structure (Kayne 1994 and Bianchi 1999) or the specifying coordination structure (De Vries 2006). Applying this dual approach to the contrasts found between earlier and later Portuguese, it is claimed that o qual‑appositive in contemporary European Portuguese use the raising structure, whereas those in earlier stages of Portuguese use the specifying coordination structure. This hypothesis not only derives the contrasting properties mentioned but also provides insight into the syntactic change that has taken place in the history of Portuguese.
Abstract This study presents a comparative analysis of appositive relative clauses introduced by the relative marker o qual lit. ‘the which’ in contemporary European Portuguese and earlier stages of Portuguese. From a descriptive point of view, it is shown that o qual-appositive relative clauses in contemporary European Portuguese and earlier stages of Portuguese contrast sharply with respect to the following properties: (i) internal head; (ii) extraposition; (iii) pied-piping; (iv) clausal antecedent; (v) split antecedent; (vi) coordination of the relative morpheme with a noun phrase; (vii) illocutionary force; (viii) coordinator. The analysis proposed to account for these contrasts is developed within the Principles and Parameters framework of generative syntax (Chomsky 1981 and subsequent work) in its minimalist version (e.g., Chomsky 1993, 1995). The interpretation and explanation of the grammatical change under scrutiny is developed within the model proposed by Lightfoot (1991, 1999, and subsequent work), which associates diachronic change with language acquisition. The central claim is that appositive relatives cannot be derived from a single syntactic analysis. Instead, they might be generated by two different structures: the raising structure (Kayne 1994 and Bianchi 1999) or the specifying coordination structure (De Vries 2006). Applying this dual approach to the contrasts found between earlier and later Portuguese, it is claimed that o qual‑appositive in contemporary European Portuguese use the raising structure, whereas those in earlier stages of Portuguese use the specifying coordination structure. This hypothesis not only derives the contrasting properties mentioned but also provides insight into the syntactic change that has taken place in the history of Portuguese.
Description
Keywords
Linguística Sintaxe Sintaxe comparada Orações relativas apositivas Linguistics Syntax Comparative syntax Appositive relative clauses
