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Authors
Abstract(s)
Nos dias de hoje, é de fácil acesso à população a compra e uso de alguns instrumentos médicos, ora com o objectivo de monitorizar um doente, ora com o objectivo de uma medição esporádica. No âmbito da saúde, a tomada de decisão clínica é sustentada pelo auxilio dos mais diversos aparelhos médicos, de maneira a que haja uma evidência e ciência por onde basear. Contudo, esta decisão pode, também, ser tomada por um simples paciente, que se automedique em função de valores adquiridos nos instrumentos de fácil acesso. Por estes motivos referidos acima, foram estudadas as componentes metrológicas de equipamentos médicos, nomeadamente a calibração, os diferentes tipos de manutenção, os conceitos de medição, erro e incerteza. De seguida, foi também analisado o funcionamento dos diversos instrumentos, do conceito anatómico ao conceito electrónico/mecânico e, por último, o impacto na saúde pública, ou seja, o que uma leitura errada pode provocar no paciente – desde uma ida urgente ao médico com falsos diagnósticos à automedicação. Posteriormente, foi elaborado um estudo, tendo em conta uma pequena amostra da população, adquirindo dez medições seguidas, de instrumentos vulgares disponíveis nas suas casas para que se pudesse comparar o seu comportamento (variabilidade) com instrumentos de referência. Os instrumentos usados neste estudo foram termómetros digitais, termómetros de infra vermelhos, medidores de pressão arterial, oxímetros e balanças.
Nowadays, general population can easily access, purchase and use medical equipment, either to constantly monitorize a patient, either to perform a quick spontaneous measurement. In the health field, the clinical decision making process is supported by the help of several medical instruments, so there is an evidence and scientific reason. However, this decision can also be made by a normal person, without medical expertise, that self-medicates himself, based on the results acquired on the same easy access medical instrument used. For the reasons mentioned above, the medical equipment metrological components were studied, more specifically calibration, the several types of maintenance, the concepts of measurements, error and uncertainty. Therefore, it was also analyzed the operating mode of several medical apparatuses, not only from the anatomical point of view but also from the electric/mechanical point of view and, ultimately the impact on public health, meaning the consequences or causes of bad reading – the patient might want to go urgently to the hospital with a false diagnostic or might end up self-medicating. Finally, a study was done, considering a small amount of general population by acquiring ten measurements in a row, using medical instruments from their houses, so a comparison of their variability could be made with master/reference instruments. The medical apparatus used in this study were digital thermometers, infrared thermometers, blood pressure monitors, oximeters and body scales.
Nowadays, general population can easily access, purchase and use medical equipment, either to constantly monitorize a patient, either to perform a quick spontaneous measurement. In the health field, the clinical decision making process is supported by the help of several medical instruments, so there is an evidence and scientific reason. However, this decision can also be made by a normal person, without medical expertise, that self-medicates himself, based on the results acquired on the same easy access medical instrument used. For the reasons mentioned above, the medical equipment metrological components were studied, more specifically calibration, the several types of maintenance, the concepts of measurements, error and uncertainty. Therefore, it was also analyzed the operating mode of several medical apparatuses, not only from the anatomical point of view but also from the electric/mechanical point of view and, ultimately the impact on public health, meaning the consequences or causes of bad reading – the patient might want to go urgently to the hospital with a false diagnostic or might end up self-medicating. Finally, a study was done, considering a small amount of general population by acquiring ten measurements in a row, using medical instruments from their houses, so a comparison of their variability could be made with master/reference instruments. The medical apparatus used in this study were digital thermometers, infrared thermometers, blood pressure monitors, oximeters and body scales.
Description
Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Biomédica
Keywords
Instrumentos médicos Medical instruments Metrologia Metrology Variabilidade Variability Saúde pública Public health
Citation
MAGUEIJO, Filipa Maria Pires - Avaliação da conformidade metrológica de instrumentos médicos. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, 2018. Dissertação de mestrado.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa