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Determinantes da utilização de equipamento de proteção individual no setor da construção: revisão sistemática
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Abstract(s)
Os acidentes de trabalho são um problema de saúde pública com repercussões não só para o trabalhador, mas também para as organizações. Portugal surge como o sexto país da União Europeia com o registo do maior número de acidentes de trabalho observados, sendo o setor da construção aquele em que se observa um valor mais elevado (31,5% do total de acidentes de trabalho em 2017). É hoje reconhecido que uma das formas mais eficazes de redução dos acidentes de trabalho em contexto de obra consiste na correta utilização de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI), em particular no sector da construção, no entanto a recorrência a estes equipamentos deverá ser o último recurso na prevenção de acidentes de trabalho. Os resultados dos estudos sobre os determinantes da utilização de EPI neste setor de atividade estão ainda pouco sistematizados. O objetivo deste é a sistematização dos determinantes de adesão ao uso do EPI em trabalhadores do setor de construção civil reportados em estudos científicos. Foi realizada uma Revisão Sistemática utilizando a metodologia PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis) para a seleção dos artigos a considerar para a análise. Foram consultados artigos disponibilizados nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus e Medline, publicados entre 1995 e 2020. Considerando os critérios de inclusão, dos 230 extraídos num primeiro momento, 11 foram incluídos nesta revisão. A análise dos estudos permitiu a identificação de 16 determinantes do uso do EPI no setor da construção, destacando-se 3 destes por serem identificados com maior frequência i) falta de formação (72,73%), ii) indisponibilidade de EPI no local de trabalho (63,64%) e iii) desconforto/ajuste inadequado (54,55%). Os determinantes foram ainda categorizados em 4 fatores: organizacional/condições de trabalho, efeitos negativos para o bem-estar do trabalhador, conhecimento e perceção do risco e fatores relacionais intra-equipa. Espera-se que esta sistematização possa contribuir como uma ferramenta de apoio aos responsáveis, com vista à aplicação de métodos/formas de trabalho que incentivem ao uso consistente do EPI, permitindo a redução do número de acidentes de trabalho.
ABSTRACT - Occupational accidents are a public health problem with repercussions not only for workers but also for organizations. Portugal emerges as the sixth country in the European Union with the highest number of occupational accidents (135 628) and the construction sector is the one with the highest weight (31.5% of total occupational accidents in 2017). One of the most effective ways to reduce occupational accidents in construction sites is the correct use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), particularly in the construction sector, however, the use of this equipment should be the last resort in the prevention of occupational accidents. The results of studies on the determinants of the use of PPE in this sector are still poorly systematized. Therefore, the aim of this study is a systematization on determinants of adherence to the use of PPE by construction workers. A systematic review by using PRISMA methodology (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis) was carried out to select the articles to be considered for the analysis. There were consulted articles made available in the Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline databases, published between 1995 and 2020. At the first stage, 230 articles were extracted considering the inclusion criteria, however, in the end, only 11 were included in this review. The analysis of the selected articles allowed the identification of 16 determinants of the use of PPE in the construction sector, 3 of them highlighted by the authors as the most referred, namely i) lack of training (72.73%), ii) unavailability of PPE in the workplace (63.64%) and iii) discomfort/ improper fit (54,55%). The determinants found were also categorized into 4 factors: organizational/ working conditions, negative effects on workers’ well-being, knowledge and perception of risk, and intra-team relational factors. It is expected that the systematization of these results could be considered as a support tool for those responsible to implement different methods/ ways of work that encourage the recurrent use of PPE which will lead to a reduction in the incidence of occupational accidents.
ABSTRACT - Occupational accidents are a public health problem with repercussions not only for workers but also for organizations. Portugal emerges as the sixth country in the European Union with the highest number of occupational accidents (135 628) and the construction sector is the one with the highest weight (31.5% of total occupational accidents in 2017). One of the most effective ways to reduce occupational accidents in construction sites is the correct use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), particularly in the construction sector, however, the use of this equipment should be the last resort in the prevention of occupational accidents. The results of studies on the determinants of the use of PPE in this sector are still poorly systematized. Therefore, the aim of this study is a systematization on determinants of adherence to the use of PPE by construction workers. A systematic review by using PRISMA methodology (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis) was carried out to select the articles to be considered for the analysis. There were consulted articles made available in the Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline databases, published between 1995 and 2020. At the first stage, 230 articles were extracted considering the inclusion criteria, however, in the end, only 11 were included in this review. The analysis of the selected articles allowed the identification of 16 determinants of the use of PPE in the construction sector, 3 of them highlighted by the authors as the most referred, namely i) lack of training (72.73%), ii) unavailability of PPE in the workplace (63.64%) and iii) discomfort/ improper fit (54,55%). The determinants found were also categorized into 4 factors: organizational/ working conditions, negative effects on workers’ well-being, knowledge and perception of risk, and intra-team relational factors. It is expected that the systematization of these results could be considered as a support tool for those responsible to implement different methods/ ways of work that encourage the recurrent use of PPE which will lead to a reduction in the incidence of occupational accidents.
Description
Mestrado em Segurança e Higiene do Trabalho
Keywords
Saúde ocupacional Segurança no trabalho Indústria da construção Equipamento de proteção individual Acidente de trabalho Occupational health Safety at work Construction Personnel protective equipment Accident at work MSHT
Citation
Sousa JM. Determinantes da utilização de equipamento de proteção individual no setor da construção: revisão sistemática [dissertation]. Lisboa: Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa/Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; 2020.
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa