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Abstract(s)
Com a introdução da legislação portuguesa da lei nº 33 de 2018 e no decreto de lei nº 8 de 2019, relativa à preparação e produção de plantas de canábis para fins medicinais, surge no território português um conjunto de empresas de produção de canábis em ambiente fechado e controlado, impulsionando Portugal na produção da planta. O país tem condições atrativas para a produção da planta tais como clima ameno, país europeu, legislação regulada para as boas práticas de produção, comercialização, consumo e recursos disponíveis. Neste âmbito a implementação de estufas de produção de canábis para fins farmacêuticos, devido aos elevados padrões de qualidade de produção, torna-se favorável o crescimento de plantas em ambientes fechados. O ambiente fechado para a produção de plantas, permite ao produtor um controlo total do crescimento da planta ao nível da iluminação, conforto, rega e sexo da planta, permite ainda a inibição de pragas e fungos nas plantas. Com recurso à simulação dinâmica das cargas térmicas adjacentes a cada espaço de produção, através do software HAP da Carrier, foi possível o dimensionamento do sistema de climatização e ventilação, assim como os níveis de pressurização dos espaços. A elevada carga térmica latente de cada espaço de produção foi dimensionada com recurso a equação de Penman–Monteith que determina valores de evapotranspiração das plantas nas diversas horas e fases do dia. Os resultados da simulação dinâmica das cargas térmicas evidenciaram elevados valores de carga térmica latente, quando comparadas a instalações residenciais ou espaços comerciais. Potências de arrefecimento de 1674,2 kW de carga latente para 2475 kW de carga sensível de arrefecimento, significa que em média 40% da carga é latente, este valor varia conforme o espaço de produção. O presente trabalho demonstra o dimensionamento de equipamentos de ventilação e climatização para os diferentes espaços de produção e armazenamento, bem como os baixos caudais de ar novo para a fotossíntese da planta através da elevada concentração de CO2 e elevados caudais de recirculação de ventilação comparativamente a espaços industriais. Todos os espaços de produção foram dimensionados com diferentes set-points de temperatura e humidade relativa para maximizar o conforto e crescimento da planta em ambiente fechado com elevados padrões de qualidade. Este projeto tem elevados custos de implementação quando comparado ao crescimento de plantas em ambiente aberto, custos de implementação superiores a 3,7 M€ somente para o AVAC excluindo outras especialidades, acresce ainda os custos de manutenção e o elevado impacto ambiental, principalmente no consumo de energia elétrica.
With the introduction of Portuguese legislation, law n. 33 of 2018 and law decree n. 8 of 2019, relating to the preparation and production of cannabis plants for medicinal purposes, appears in Portuguese territory a few companies production of cannabis in a closed and controlled environment, boosting Portugal in plant production. The country has attractive conditions for plant production such as a mild climate, European country, regulated legislation for good production practices, commercialization, consumption, and available resources. In this context, the implementation of greenhouses to produce cannabis for pharmaceutical purposes, due to the high standards of production quality, makes the growth of plants in closed environments favourable. The closed environment for plant production allows the producer total control over plant growth in terms of lighting, comfort, watering and plant sex, and also allows the inhibition of pests and fungi in plants. Using the dynamic simulation of thermal loads adjacent to each production space, using Carrier Corporation's HAP software, it was possible to design the air conditioning and ventilation system, as well as the pressurization levels of the spaces. He high latent thermal load of each production space was measured using the Penman–Monteith equation, which determines plant evapotranspiration values at different times and phases of the day. The results of the dynamic simulation of thermal loads showed high values of latent thermal load, when compared to residential installations or commercial spaces. Cooling powers from 1674.2 kW of latent load to 2475 kW of sensible cooling load, means on average 40% of the load is latent, this value varies depending on the production space. This document demonstrates the sizing of ventilation and air conditioning equipment for different production and storage spaces, as well as the low flow rates of outside air for the plant's photosynthesis through the high concentration of CO2 and high flow rates of air recirculation compared to industrial spaces. All production spaces were sized with different temperature and relative humidity set points to maximize comfort and plant growth in a closed environment with high quality standards. This project has expensive implementation costs when compared to the growth of plants in an open environment, implementation costs exceeding €3,7 M only for HVAC excluding other specialties, there are also maintenance costs and a high environmental impact, mainly in terms of electricity consumption.
With the introduction of Portuguese legislation, law n. 33 of 2018 and law decree n. 8 of 2019, relating to the preparation and production of cannabis plants for medicinal purposes, appears in Portuguese territory a few companies production of cannabis in a closed and controlled environment, boosting Portugal in plant production. The country has attractive conditions for plant production such as a mild climate, European country, regulated legislation for good production practices, commercialization, consumption, and available resources. In this context, the implementation of greenhouses to produce cannabis for pharmaceutical purposes, due to the high standards of production quality, makes the growth of plants in closed environments favourable. The closed environment for plant production allows the producer total control over plant growth in terms of lighting, comfort, watering and plant sex, and also allows the inhibition of pests and fungi in plants. Using the dynamic simulation of thermal loads adjacent to each production space, using Carrier Corporation's HAP software, it was possible to design the air conditioning and ventilation system, as well as the pressurization levels of the spaces. He high latent thermal load of each production space was measured using the Penman–Monteith equation, which determines plant evapotranspiration values at different times and phases of the day. The results of the dynamic simulation of thermal loads showed high values of latent thermal load, when compared to residential installations or commercial spaces. Cooling powers from 1674.2 kW of latent load to 2475 kW of sensible cooling load, means on average 40% of the load is latent, this value varies depending on the production space. This document demonstrates the sizing of ventilation and air conditioning equipment for different production and storage spaces, as well as the low flow rates of outside air for the plant's photosynthesis through the high concentration of CO2 and high flow rates of air recirculation compared to industrial spaces. All production spaces were sized with different temperature and relative humidity set points to maximize comfort and plant growth in a closed environment with high quality standards. This project has expensive implementation costs when compared to the growth of plants in an open environment, implementation costs exceeding €3,7 M only for HVAC excluding other specialties, there are also maintenance costs and a high environmental impact, mainly in terms of electricity consumption.
Description
Trabalho de projeto para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Keywords
Simulação dinâmica Canábis AVAC Penman–monteith Chiller´s UTA Dynamic simulation Cannabis HVAC Penman–monteith Chillers Air handling systems
Citation
VICENTE, Rúben - Climatização de um edifício de plantação de canábis. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2023. Dissertação de Mestrado.