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Microbial occupational exposure in e-waste recycling: biological hazards, their sources, and potential toxic effects

2024-02Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorViegas, Carla
dc.contributor.authorGomes, Bianca
dc.contributor.authorDias, Marta
dc.contributor.authorCervantes, Renata
dc.contributor.authorPena, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorGonçalves, Sara
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida-Silva, Marina
dc.contributor.authorCarolino, Elisabete
dc.contributor.authorTwaruzek, Magdalena
dc.contributor.authorCaetano, Liliana Aranha
dc.contributor.authorViegas, Susana
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-21T10:06:52Z
dc.date.available2024-06-21T10:06:52Z
dc.date.issued2024-02
dc.descriptionThis research was funded by the Polish Minister of Education and Science, under the program "Regional Initiative of Excellence" in 2019 - 2022 (Grant No. 008/RID/2018/19) and by Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal for funding the Projects IPL/2023/FoodAIIEU_ESTeSL; IPL/2023/ASPRisk_ESTeSL; IPL/2023/ARAFSawmil_ESTeSL. H&TRC authors gratefully acknowledge the FCT/MCTES national support through the UIDB/05608/2020 and UIDP/05608/2020 and to the PhD Grants UI/BD/151431/2021 and UI/BD/153746/2022 and CE3C unit UIDB/00329/2020.pt_PT
dc.description.abstractE-waste management is a major environmental concern that also poses serious risks to occupational health. While e-waste workers are exposed to a variety of chemicals, little is known about occupational exposure to microbiological agents. This study aims to fill that gap. For that purpose, two e-waste facilities were assessed: one battery-recycling facility (BRF), and another facility (SRE) dedicated to e-waste sorting and storage before sending it for different processing. Filtering respiratory protection devices (FRPD, 24 samples) and settled dust (13 samples) were collected using standardized sampling approaches, and analyzed by culture-based, chemical, and molecular methods. Workers also filled in a questionnaire regarding work activities and the use of FRPD. Microbial loads, fungal diversity, azole resistance, and prevalence of Aspergillus sections Fumigati and Flavi and mycotoxins (as surrogates of harmful fungal contamination) were determined. To estimate potential health effects related to exposure, the FRPD cytotoxicity was determined in human A549 lung and HepG2 hepatic cells. Microbial contaminants with pathogenicity and toxigenic potential were observed in FRPDs and settled dust. Aspergillus section Fumigati was widespread. The observed presence of Aspergillus section Flavi relates to the risk of exposure to aflatoxin B1 (a potent hepatocarcinogen). Four different mycotoxins were detected in 8% FRPD and 15% dust samples, including pathogenic fumonisin B1 and sterigmatocystin (below the limit of quantification). A low to moderate cytotoxic effect of sampled FRPD was observed, with human lung alveolar cells more sensitive than hepatic cells. No relevant azole resistance was observed, nor correlations between fungal reduced azole-susceptibility and fungal growth at 37º C or cytotoxicity. In summary, it can be concluded that this approach using FRPD and settled dust presents a promising potential for screening occupational exposure to microbiological contaminants in e-waste management. More studies in this occupational context should be prioritized to identify critical biological hazards and to support the implementation of appropriate health risk mitigation strategies.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationViegas C, Gomes B, Dias M, Cervantes R, Pena P, Gonçalves S, Almeida-Silva M, Carolino E, Caetano LA, Viegas S, et al. Microbial occupational exposure in e-waste recycling: biological hazards, their sources, and potential toxic effects. Research Square [preprint server]. 2024 February 15 (version 1).pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.21203/rs.3.rs-3926383/v1pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/17519
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewednopt_PT
dc.relationIPL/2023/FoodAIIEU_ESTeSLpt_PT
dc.relationIPL/2023/ASPRisk_ESTeSLpt_PT
dc.relationIPL/2023/ARAFSawmil_ESTeSLpt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3926383/v1pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectOccupational healthpt_PT
dc.subjectOccupational exposurept_PT
dc.subjectFiltering respiratory protection devicespt_PT
dc.subjectE-wastept_PT
dc.subjectMicrobial occupational exposurept_PT
dc.subjectCytotoxicitypt_PT
dc.subjectAspergillus section Fumigatipt_PT
dc.subjectFCT_UIDB/05608/2020pt_PT
dc.subjectFCT_UIDP/05608/2020pt_PT
dc.subjectIPL/2023/FoodAIIEU_ESTeSLpt_PT
dc.subjectIPL/2023/ASPRisk_ESTeSLpt_PT
dc.subjectIPL/2023/ARAFSawmil_ESTeSLpt_PT
dc.titleMicrobial occupational exposure in e-waste recycling: biological hazards, their sources, and potential toxic effectspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.titleResearch Squarept_PT
person.familyNameViegas
person.familyNameGomes
person.familyNameDias
person.familyNameWellenkamp de Carvalho Freire de Cervantes
person.familyNamePena
person.familyNameCarolino
person.familyNameAranha Caetano
person.familyNameViegas
person.givenNameCarla
person.givenNameBianca
person.givenNameMarta
person.givenNameRenata
person.givenNamePedro
person.givenNameElisabete
person.givenNameLiliana
person.givenNameSusana
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rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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