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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Vivemos num cenário económico caracterizado por um modelo linear de consumo, baseado na extração de
recursos naturais, que processamos e transformamos em produtos, que depois vendemos e que, após a sua vida
útil, descartamos. As tendências de crescimento da população mundial e de melhoria da qualidade de vida,
traduzir-se-ão num aumento da procura de matérias-primas, com consequente aumento da escassez, dos preços
e da instabilidade no abastecimento. Assim, é urgente a transição para um modelo económico circular assente
na maximização do aproveitamento dos recursos por via da sua manutenção, pelo maior tempo possível, no
sistema de produção e consumo.
A Simbiose Industrial é um dos modelos de negócio da Economia Circular caracterizada pela cooperação entre
duas ou mais industrias ou organizações, baseada na valorização de recursos subaproveitados, incluindo materiais,
energia, água, mas também na partilha de ativos, conhecimento e competências.
A transição para a circularidade é desafiante, pelo que o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de identificar as principais
barreiras e consequentemente os incentivos mais relevantes à facilitação e implementação de sinergias de
simbiose industrial. Sendo fundamental analisar e disseminar casos de sucesso, efetuou-se a quantificação dos
benefícios ambientais e económicos associados a um projeto de simbiose envolvendo valorização de resíduos
e subprodutos da atividade agropecuária, através da produção de fertilizante orgânico numa unidade de compostagem,
para posterior aplicação pelos agricultores locais, com consequente redução da aplicação de fertilizantes
químicos e melhoria das propriedades do solo.
A quantificação, através de metodologia de avaliação de ciclo de vida, dos benefícios ambientais, no custo
prazo, associados ao caso de estudo, i.e., a aplicação, por parte dos agricultores, de composto orgânico em
substituição de fertilizantes químicos, traduziu-se, numa análise por hectare cultivado, em impactes ambientais
mais reduzidos na generalidade das categorias de impacte analisadas, nas quais se incluíram as “alterações
climáticas” e a “depleção de água”.
Na perspetiva económica, constatou-se que o preço de venda previsto para o composto é competitivo face aos
valores de mercado. Do ponto de vista do agricultor, o composto terá um conjunto de mais valias no médio ou
longo prazo, no entanto, para um cenário de curto prazo, a existência de algum incentivo económico pela
utilização de composto, face às atuais práticas de adubação mineral, incentivará ainda mais a utilização, fortalecendo
o sucesso da iniciativa.
We are living in an economic system characterised by a linear consumption model, based on natural resource extraction, processing, transformation into products, which we sell, use and dispose at their end-of-life. The world trends, concerning population growth and life quality improvement, will translate into an increase in raw material demand, with consequent scarcity, price raise and supply disruption. Therefore, it is urgent to go ahead with the transition to a circular economic model, based on the maximization of resource use through its maintenance, for as long as possible, in the production and consumption system. Industrial Symbiosis is a circular economy business model based on the cooperation between two or more industries or organizations, aiming the valorisation of wastes and or underutilized resources, including not only materials, energy and water, but also sharing of assets, knowledge and competences. The transition to circularity is challenging, therefore, the objective of this work was the identification of the main barriers and, consequently, the most relevant incentives towards facilitation and implementation of industrial symbiosis synergies. Since it is fundamental to analyse and disseminate success case studies, the work included the quantification of environmental and economic benefits associated to a symbiosis project involving the valorisation of agrofood wastes and by-products, through organic fertilizer production in a composting unit, for subsequent application by local farmers, with consequent reduction of chemical fertilization and soil quality improvement. The quantification, through life-cycle analysis, of the short term environmental benefits associated with the project case study, i.e., the application, by the farmers, of organic compost in substitution of chemical fertilization, translated into reduced environmental impacts for most of the analysed impact categories, including climate change and water depletion (analysis per cultivated hectare). In the economic perspective, the previewed selling price for the organic compost to be produced in the composting unit is competitive, comparatively to market values. From the farmer perspective, the compost possesses a set of benefits in the medium to long term, however, in a short term scenario, the offer of an economic incentive for compost application, in the face of the current chemical fertilization practices, will further incentivize compost application, thus strengthening the success of the initiative.
We are living in an economic system characterised by a linear consumption model, based on natural resource extraction, processing, transformation into products, which we sell, use and dispose at their end-of-life. The world trends, concerning population growth and life quality improvement, will translate into an increase in raw material demand, with consequent scarcity, price raise and supply disruption. Therefore, it is urgent to go ahead with the transition to a circular economic model, based on the maximization of resource use through its maintenance, for as long as possible, in the production and consumption system. Industrial Symbiosis is a circular economy business model based on the cooperation between two or more industries or organizations, aiming the valorisation of wastes and or underutilized resources, including not only materials, energy and water, but also sharing of assets, knowledge and competences. The transition to circularity is challenging, therefore, the objective of this work was the identification of the main barriers and, consequently, the most relevant incentives towards facilitation and implementation of industrial symbiosis synergies. Since it is fundamental to analyse and disseminate success case studies, the work included the quantification of environmental and economic benefits associated to a symbiosis project involving the valorisation of agrofood wastes and by-products, through organic fertilizer production in a composting unit, for subsequent application by local farmers, with consequent reduction of chemical fertilization and soil quality improvement. The quantification, through life-cycle analysis, of the short term environmental benefits associated with the project case study, i.e., the application, by the farmers, of organic compost in substitution of chemical fertilization, translated into reduced environmental impacts for most of the analysed impact categories, including climate change and water depletion (analysis per cultivated hectare). In the economic perspective, the previewed selling price for the organic compost to be produced in the composting unit is competitive, comparatively to market values. From the farmer perspective, the compost possesses a set of benefits in the medium to long term, however, in a short term scenario, the offer of an economic incentive for compost application, in the face of the current chemical fertilization practices, will further incentivize compost application, thus strengthening the success of the initiative.
Description
Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Química e Biológica
Keywords
Economia circular Circular economy Simbiose industrial Industrial symbiosis Ecoeficiência Eco efficiency Análise de ciclo de vida Life cycle analysis Sustentabilidade Sustainability Criação de valor Value creation
Citation
SILVA, Cristina Galvão Pinto Ascenço - Incentivos para a implementação alargada da simbiose industrial e avaliação dos respetivos benefícios. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2019. Dissertação de mestrado.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa