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Abstract(s)
Atualmente, a grande maioria da Fibra de Carbono produzida tem por base, e como matéria prima predominante, a Fibra Acrílica. O processo de produção de Fibras de Carbono caracteriza-se por possuir como etapa intermédia a produção de Fibras Oxidadas. Destas derivam alguns subprodutos que poderão ser direcionados para aplicações com menor grau de exigência e, consequentemente, economicamente menos rentáveis.
O presente trabalho final de Mestrado, incidiu sobre o aproveitamento de resíduos resultantes do processo que constituíam um custo para a economia do mesmo, nomeadamente na valorização do polímero não conforme desde o arranque à paragem do processo de polimerização.
O principal objetivo passou pela incorporação de percentagens de polímero conforme, com polímero não conforme utilizado na produção de precursores de Fibra Oxidada e precursores de Fibra de Carbono.
Numa fase inicial, em laboratório, foram realizados ensaios de DSC das misturas de polímeros, sendo comparados com resultados previamente obtidos de polímero bem processado. Desta forma, foi identificada e definida aquela que seria a gama de trabalho mais promissora.
Posteriormente, procedeu-se à realização de ensaios de preparação do xarope e extrusão da fibra, efetuados em bancada. Com a fibra extrudida e com o xarope resultante da mistura, foram realizados ensaios de DSC e SEM para caracterização da fibra e, no caso do xarope, determinação da percentagem de sólidos e ball fall.
Os resultados dos testes em bancada foram bastante promissores. Passou-se à produção de precursor, através da máquina de spinning da Instalação Piloto. Foram produzidas 3 bobines de cada uma das condições escolhidas (80% polímero dentro de especificação em 20% polímero fora de especificação e ainda 50/50 (%m/m)). Efetuaram-se ensaios de caracterização química e física do precursor, Fibra Oxidada e Fibra de Carbono resultantes.
Atendendo aos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que é possível aproveitar esse resíduo proveniente do processo e transformá-lo num subproduto de valor acrescentado.
Currently, the great majority of the Carbon Fibers produced are based and use as the predominant raw material the Acrylic Fiber. The process of production of Carbon Fibers is characterized by having as intermediate step the production of Oxidized Fibers. From these derives some by-products that can be directed to applications with less demanding and, consequently, economically less profitable. The present master's work focused on the use of waste resulting from the process that constituted a cost for the economics of the process, namely in the valorization of the non-compliant polymer from the beginning to the end of the polymerization process. The main objective was to incorporate polymer percentages to non-conforming polymer used in the production of Oxidized Fiber precursors and Carbon Fiber Precursors. In an initial phase, in the laboratory, DSC tests of the polymer mixtures were carried out, being compared with previously obtained results of well processed polymer. In this way, the most promising range of work was identified and defined. Subsequently, it was carried out the tests of preparation of the dope and extrusion of the fiber made in the workbench. With the extruded fiber and the dope resulting from the mixture, DSC and SEM tests were performed to characterize the fiber and, in the case of dope, determination of the percentage of solids and Ball Fall. The results of workbench were very promising. The production of precursor was made, through the spinning machine of the Pilot Plant. Three spools of each of the chosen conditions were produced (80% polymer within specification in 20% polymer out of specification and still 50/50 (%m/m)). Chemical and physical characterization of the resulting precursor, oxidized fiber and carbon fiber were carried out. Considering the results obtained, it is concluded that it is possible to take advantage of this waste from the process and turn it into a by-product of added value.
Currently, the great majority of the Carbon Fibers produced are based and use as the predominant raw material the Acrylic Fiber. The process of production of Carbon Fibers is characterized by having as intermediate step the production of Oxidized Fibers. From these derives some by-products that can be directed to applications with less demanding and, consequently, economically less profitable. The present master's work focused on the use of waste resulting from the process that constituted a cost for the economics of the process, namely in the valorization of the non-compliant polymer from the beginning to the end of the polymerization process. The main objective was to incorporate polymer percentages to non-conforming polymer used in the production of Oxidized Fiber precursors and Carbon Fiber Precursors. In an initial phase, in the laboratory, DSC tests of the polymer mixtures were carried out, being compared with previously obtained results of well processed polymer. In this way, the most promising range of work was identified and defined. Subsequently, it was carried out the tests of preparation of the dope and extrusion of the fiber made in the workbench. With the extruded fiber and the dope resulting from the mixture, DSC and SEM tests were performed to characterize the fiber and, in the case of dope, determination of the percentage of solids and Ball Fall. The results of workbench were very promising. The production of precursor was made, through the spinning machine of the Pilot Plant. Three spools of each of the chosen conditions were produced (80% polymer within specification in 20% polymer out of specification and still 50/50 (%m/m)). Chemical and physical characterization of the resulting precursor, oxidized fiber and carbon fiber were carried out. Considering the results obtained, it is concluded that it is possible to take advantage of this waste from the process and turn it into a by-product of added value.
Description
Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia da Qualidade e Ambiente
Keywords
Fibra acrílica Acrylic fiber Precursor Precursor Fibra oxidada Oxidized fiber Fibra de carbono Carbon fiber Resíduos Waste Subprodutos By-products Valor acrescentado Added value
Citation
ROSÁRIO, Mauro Tomé Lourenço Cabral Vaz do - Identificação de estratégias integradas para a valorização de subprodutos gerados no processo de produção de fibras acrílicas. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2019. Dissertação de mestrado.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa