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Hidden hazards: a literature review on occupational exposure to fungi and mycotoxins in the coffee industry

2025-04Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Filipe da Silva
dc.contributor.authorAndrade, Ednilton Tavares de
dc.contributor.authorViegas, Carla
dc.contributor.authorSouza, Jéssica Raquel
dc.contributor.authorRabelo, Giovanni Francisco
dc.contributor.authorViegas, Susana
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-12T16:23:30Z
dc.date.available2025-06-12T16:23:30Z
dc.date.issued2025-04
dc.descriptionThis research was funded by the Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, through Projects IPL/2023/FoodAIIEU_ESTeSL, IPL/2023/ASPRisk_ESTeSL, and IPL/2023/ARAFSawmil_ESTeSL (H&TRC). The authors gratefully acknowledge the FCT/MCTES national support received through the UIDB/05608/2020 and UIDP/05608/2020. This study was funded in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.
dc.description.abstractSeveral studies have reported the incidence of fungi and mycotoxins in coffee beans; however, there are few reports related to occupational exposure to these agents at coffee dry milling industries. This review aimed to identify and analyze studies assessing occupational exposure to fungi and mycotoxins in coffee industries. Therefore, a systematic literature search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology and focusing on the assessment of occupational exposure to fungi and mycotoxins in the coffee industry. In these papers, different environmental matrices were considered in evaluating occupational exposure, but the most commonly used matrix was airborne dust (four of the five studies). Airborne fungi were sampled using active (four of the five studies) and passive sampling. Only the most recent of the studies (2022) identified microorganisms by their genera and species, and only two groups of mycotoxins were analyzed in the studies considered, namely, Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxins. None of the studies reported data on both fungi and mycotoxins. The fungal genera identified in these occupational environments included Cladosporium, Paecilomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and other genera. Among the mycotoxins, only aflatoxins and ochratoxin A were investigated. Occupational exposure to these biological agents may lead to several health effects. Fungal spores and fragments can cause respiratory diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, bronchitis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Additionally, the mycotoxins studied—particularly Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A—are associated with serious toxicological effects. Coexposure to both fungi and mycotoxins may enhance health risks and should be carefully considered in occupational risk assessments. Considering the possible effects related to exposure to fungi and mycotoxins and the number of workers involved in this type of industry in the world, more studies should be conducted. This is the first review to systematically consolidate data on occupational exposure to both fungi and mycotoxins specifically within the coffee industry, highlighting existing knowledge gaps and the need for targeted risk assessments in coffee-producing settings.eng
dc.identifier.citationOliveira FS, Andrade ET, Viegas C, Souza JR, Rabelo GF, Viegas S. Hidden hazards: a literature review on occupational exposure to fungi and mycotoxins in the coffee industry. Aerobiology. 2025;3(2):3.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/aerobiology3020003
dc.identifier.issn2813-5075
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/21925
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/7/3279
dc.relation.ispartofAerobiology
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectOccupational health
dc.subjectOccupational exposure
dc.subjectPost-harvest coffee industries
dc.subjectFungi
dc.subjectMycotoxins
dc.subjectDust
dc.subjectIPL/2023/FoodAIIEU_ESTeSL
dc.subjectIPL/2023/ASPRisk_ESTeSL
dc.subjectIPL/2023/ARAFSawmil_ESTeSL
dc.subjectFCT_UIDB/05608/2020
dc.subjectFCT_UIDP/05608/2020
dc.subjectLiterature review
dc.titleHidden hazards: a literature review on occupational exposure to fungi and mycotoxins in the coffee industryeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue2
oaire.citation.startPage3
oaire.citation.titleAerobiology
oaire.citation.volume3
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameViegas
person.familyNameViegas
person.givenNameCarla
person.givenNameSusana
person.identifier248817
person.identifier.ciencia-idEE1E-C639-D70F
person.identifier.ciencia-idA919-7318-63DC
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1545-6479
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1015-8760
person.identifier.ridB-7217-2013
person.identifier.ridI-4053-2012
person.identifier.scopus-author-id55443609700
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35270591500
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationb5fa5da4-50c3-4b88-ae20-1bc63cb485f7
relation.isAuthorOfPublication13115332-43f7-4048-a8a5-2f2b855a8c92
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryb5fa5da4-50c3-4b88-ae20-1bc63cb485f7

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