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Estudo empírico da evolução do crédito à habitação em Portugal 2019-2023
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O crédito à habitação em Portugal revela ter uma concentração excessiva nos bancos com maior representatividade a nível nacional. Nos últimos anos, os cinco maiores bancos portugueses foram responsáveis pelo saldo de 89,3% de crédito à habitação em todo o país, o que reflete uma centralização bastante significativa deste tipo de crédito em poucas instituições financeiras. No sentido de contribuir para a discussão em torno desta evidência, este estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar a evolução do crédito à habitação nos cinco últimos anos, focando-se essencialmente nos maiores players em Portugal, complementando-se a análise com o comportamento do mercado imobiliário e os efeitos das políticas públicas direcionadas à habitação. Numa primeira fase será introduzido o tema com destaque para a importância da investigação, acompanhado por um enquadramento teórico. De seguida, abordar-se-á a literatura sobre o tema, passando pelos tópicos que servirão de base para o desenvolvimento do estudo empírico. Serão abordados os seguintes tópicos: o papel do crédito à habitação na sociedade, a sua evolução histórica e a sua correlação com o mercado imobiliário. Por último, o estudo empírico procurará contribuir para a literatura sobre este tipo de crédito, que se carateriza como essencial para a vida da população e para a economia. Assim sendo, esta investigação tem como propósito analisar as dinâmicas dos principais agentes financeiros na concessão de crédito à habitação em Portugal, entre 2019 e 2023, tendo também em conta eventos extraordinários ocorridos neste período, nomeadamente a pandemia de COVID-19. Pretende-se aferir sobre as dificuldades sentidas pelos diferentes agentes económicos, oferecendo à literatura novas perspetivas sobre os desafios e impactos no acesso ao crédito à habitação.
In Portugal, the mortgage lending is extremely concentrated in the largest banks. In recent years, the five largest Portuguese banks have been responsible for more than 89,3% of mortgage loans in the country, which reflects a significant concentration of this type of credit in a few financial institutions. In order to contribute to the discussion around this premise, the main objective of this study is to analyze the evolution of mortgage loans over the last five years, focusing essentially on the biggest players in Portugal, complementing this with the behavior of the property market and the effects of public policies on this type of loan. Firstly, the topic will be introduced, emphasizing the importance of the research, accompanied by a theoretical framework. Next, the information available in the literature will be verified, and these topics will be the basis for the empirical study that will be analyzed. In this stage, the topics to be covered will be as follows: the role of mortgage lending in Portugal's society, its historical evolution and its correlation with the real estate market. Finally, the empirical study will contribute to the literature on this type of credit, which is characterized as essential for the population and for the economy. Therefore, this research will contribute to the literature with the primary objective of analyzing the dynamics of the main financial agents in housing loans in Portugal, between 2019 and 2023, also considering the economic and social externalities that exist in this period, namely the resurgence of COVID-19. The aim is to verify the difficulties experienced by the different economic agents, offering new perspectives to the literature on the challenges and impacts on access to housing loans.
In Portugal, the mortgage lending is extremely concentrated in the largest banks. In recent years, the five largest Portuguese banks have been responsible for more than 89,3% of mortgage loans in the country, which reflects a significant concentration of this type of credit in a few financial institutions. In order to contribute to the discussion around this premise, the main objective of this study is to analyze the evolution of mortgage loans over the last five years, focusing essentially on the biggest players in Portugal, complementing this with the behavior of the property market and the effects of public policies on this type of loan. Firstly, the topic will be introduced, emphasizing the importance of the research, accompanied by a theoretical framework. Next, the information available in the literature will be verified, and these topics will be the basis for the empirical study that will be analyzed. In this stage, the topics to be covered will be as follows: the role of mortgage lending in Portugal's society, its historical evolution and its correlation with the real estate market. Finally, the empirical study will contribute to the literature on this type of credit, which is characterized as essential for the population and for the economy. Therefore, this research will contribute to the literature with the primary objective of analyzing the dynamics of the main financial agents in housing loans in Portugal, between 2019 and 2023, also considering the economic and social externalities that exist in this period, namely the resurgence of COVID-19. The aim is to verify the difficulties experienced by the different economic agents, offering new perspectives to the literature on the challenges and impacts on access to housing loans.
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Crédito à habitação Concentração bancária Endividamento Mercado imobiliário Externalidades económicas e sociais Mortgage lending Banking concentration Indebtedness Property market Economic and social externalities