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Abstract(s)
A Parques de Sintra – Monte da Lua é uma entidade responsável pela gestão e manutenção de monumentos e espaços naturais de Sintra e Queluz. Esta entidade propôs ao Departamento de Engenharia Civil do ISEL fazer um estudo sobre o estado de conservação de alguns elementos de madeira da tribuna da Capela Real do Palácio Nacional de Sintra.
A Capela Real faz parte de um monumento de elevada importância para a história e cultura de Portugal. Construída com robustas paredes de alvenaria e tendo em madeira toda a estrutura horizontal, bem como a estrutura de cobertura.
O presente estudo pretende detetar anomalias não visíveis e analisar o estado estrutural de um pavimento na zona da tribuna.
Para a realização do presente estudo, foi necessário proceder uma intensa revisão bibliográfica acerca de diversos aspetos relacionados com a madeira como material utilizado na construção, a sua durabilidade, que anomalias se esperam encontrar, como elaborar o seu diagnóstico, efetuar uma avaliação de segurança global e conhecer métodos de preservação de estruturas de madeira.
O estudo aos elementos de madeira in situ foi levado a cabo por uma inspeção visual e pela aplicação de ensaios não destrutivos e semi-destrutivos. Mediu-se o teor de humidade, a resistência à perfuração e à penetração. Com base na literatura científica e nos dados obtidos estimaram-se propriedades físicas e mecânicas.Também foi possível estimar propriedades de resistência com base em normas de classificação visual. Em Portugal, a NP 4305:1995 classifica uma peça de Pinho bravo português para estruturas, quanto à sua qualidade para Estruturas (E), ou Especial para Estruturas (EE). A BS 4978:2007 é a norma britânica que também classifica visualmente peças de madeiras resinosas, atribuindo as classes GS (General Structural) e SS (Special Structural). Esta classificação baseia-se na inspeção visual e definição dos seus defeitos (nós, inclinação do fio, taxa de crescimento, fendas, descaio, empenos, bolsas de resina e a existência de degradação por agentes biológicos).
Com os resultados obtidos, e alguns cálculos de verificação estrutural, de acordo com o Eurocódigo 5, conseguiram-se obter informações importantes. Verificou-se a existência de degradação por térmitas subterrâneas e por fungos nos montantes da parede da capela, e degradação por caruncho grande e fungos de podridão nas vigas do pavimento da tribuna. Neste último local, também se chegou à conclusão que é aconselhável limitar o número de visitantes simultâneos à tribuna.
The Parques de Sintra – Monte da Lua is an entity responsible for the management and maintenance of monuments and natural spaces of Sintra and Queluz. It was proposed to the Engineer Civil Department of ISEL to make a study about the state of conservation of some wooden elements of the Royal Chapel of Palácio Nacional de Sintra. The Royal Chapel is part of a monument with high importance to the Portuguese history and culture. It was built with strong masonry walls and with all horizontal structure made in wood, as well as the roof structure. This study claims to detect anomalies not visible and analyze the pavement structure of the tribune. To elaborate this study, it was necessary to proceed an intensive bibliographic review about some aspects in relation to wood as a material used in construction, its durability, what pathologies were expected to find, how to make the diagnosis, do a global safety evaluation and know methods of preservation in wood structures. The work was carried out in situ by visual inspection and by non-destructive and semi-destructive tests. Water content measurements, resistance drillings and penetration drillings were made. Physical-mechanical properties of the timber members were estimated based on the in situ measurements and the scientific literature. It was possible to achieve resistance properties based in norms of visual classifications. In Portugal, the NP 4305:1995 classify a piece regarding their quality for Structures (E - Estruturas) or Special for Structures (EE – Especial para Estruturas). The BS 4978:2007, the British norm, visually classifies a piece as GS (General Structural) and SS (Special Structural). These classifications are based on a visual inspections and definition of his defects (knots, grain deviation, rate of growth, checks, gems, bent, resin ducts and biological agents). From the results obtained and structural verification calculus within the Eurocode 5, several important information was taken. It was verified the existence of damage by subterranean termites and fungi on the walls of the chapel, and degradation by woodworms and rot fungi on the floor. Here, it was also concluded that it is advisable to limit the number of visitors to the tribune.
The Parques de Sintra – Monte da Lua is an entity responsible for the management and maintenance of monuments and natural spaces of Sintra and Queluz. It was proposed to the Engineer Civil Department of ISEL to make a study about the state of conservation of some wooden elements of the Royal Chapel of Palácio Nacional de Sintra. The Royal Chapel is part of a monument with high importance to the Portuguese history and culture. It was built with strong masonry walls and with all horizontal structure made in wood, as well as the roof structure. This study claims to detect anomalies not visible and analyze the pavement structure of the tribune. To elaborate this study, it was necessary to proceed an intensive bibliographic review about some aspects in relation to wood as a material used in construction, its durability, what pathologies were expected to find, how to make the diagnosis, do a global safety evaluation and know methods of preservation in wood structures. The work was carried out in situ by visual inspection and by non-destructive and semi-destructive tests. Water content measurements, resistance drillings and penetration drillings were made. Physical-mechanical properties of the timber members were estimated based on the in situ measurements and the scientific literature. It was possible to achieve resistance properties based in norms of visual classifications. In Portugal, the NP 4305:1995 classify a piece regarding their quality for Structures (E - Estruturas) or Special for Structures (EE – Especial para Estruturas). The BS 4978:2007, the British norm, visually classifies a piece as GS (General Structural) and SS (Special Structural). These classifications are based on a visual inspections and definition of his defects (knots, grain deviation, rate of growth, checks, gems, bent, resin ducts and biological agents). From the results obtained and structural verification calculus within the Eurocode 5, several important information was taken. It was verified the existence of damage by subterranean termites and fungi on the walls of the chapel, and degradation by woodworms and rot fungi on the floor. Here, it was also concluded that it is advisable to limit the number of visitors to the tribune.
Description
Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil – Ramo Edificações
Keywords
Inspeção Inspection Diagnóstico Diagnosis Estruturas de madeira Wooden structures Conservação Conservation Monumentos Monument
Citation
BAPTISTA, Vânia Sofia Simões - Capela Real do Palácio Nacional de Sintra : estudo em elementos de madeira. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2018. Dissertação de mestrado.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa