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Abstract(s)
O aumento do crescimento económico mundial levou consequentemente a um aumento das necessidades das populações que cada vez mais se torna numa sociedade consumista. Este consumo leva ao incremento dos transportes de mercadorias que atualmente, e numa perspetiva de crescimento, são responsáveis pelo uso de uma grande quantidade de energia e a emissão de gases com efeito estufa. Em termos de transporte terrestre de mercadorias existem dois modos, o rodoviário e o ferroviário, este último que tem vindo a cair em desuso. No entanto o transporte ferroviário apresenta-se como uma alternativa viável para a redução do gasto energético no transporte de mercadorias e na redução de emissões. Desta forma, o objetivo principal desta dissertação foca-se na quantificação das necessidades energéticas e na quantidade de emissões produzidas no transporte ferroviário e rodoviário, numa variedade de cenários criados. Podendo no final tirar conclusões através da comparação dos dois modos de transporte, verificando até onde estes poderão ser mais eficazes para a diminuição das necessidades energéticas dos transportes de mercadorias. A partir da análise numérica destes resultados conclui-se que pode haver uma diminuição de até três vezes nas necessidades energéticas dos transportes e a emissão de até cinco vezes menos gases poluentes do transporte rodoviário. Um segundo objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um mapa onde está exposto os gastos energéticos e emissões produzidas para se alcançar vários locais do país, Portugal, a partir de um outro para os dois modos de transporte, onde é criada a possibilidade de uma comparação visual das diferenças. A partir destes mapas consegue-se de uma forma mais visual determinar as diferenças entre os dois meios de transporte apresentando a ferrovia em média um uso energético de três vezes inferior e uma produção de emissões de CO2 cinco vezes menores.
The growth of the world economy as lead to an increase of the population needs, that is more and more close to becoming a consumerist society. This type of beaviour led to an inevitably growth of the transport sector, that nowadays is responsible for consuming and emitting a big chunk of the worlds energy needs and greenhouse gases emissions. The land freight transport of goods is mainly made by two ways, from railroad or road transport. The use of railroad transport in the last few years has been decaying. However, the rail transport is a good and viable alternative to reduce the energy consumption and the emissions of polluting gases in the freight transport sector. With the exposed above, the main objective of this thesis is to focus on quantifying the actual energy needs and quantity of emissions generated by both railroad and road transport in a variety of scenarios created. In the end, is expected to be able to reach a conclusion by comparing the two transport modes. Where it will be verified which transport mode is the most energetic efficient and in what scenarios. From a numerical analysis of the results it was possible to conclude that indeed exists an decrease of about three times the total energy consumption and a decrease of about five times the total emissions produced by the road transport. The second main objective of this thesis is to develop a map where is exposed the energy needs and the total emissions produce to reach various locations in the country, Portugal, from other one specific location. This will be made for the two transport modes, where will be created a more visual possibility for comparing the results of the energy needs and emissions produced by the rail and road freight transport. From the maps is possible to create a more visual way of spotting the difference between the two ways of transport, being in average the energy consumption of railroad three times lower and the production of CO2 emissions five times lower than the road transport.
The growth of the world economy as lead to an increase of the population needs, that is more and more close to becoming a consumerist society. This type of beaviour led to an inevitably growth of the transport sector, that nowadays is responsible for consuming and emitting a big chunk of the worlds energy needs and greenhouse gases emissions. The land freight transport of goods is mainly made by two ways, from railroad or road transport. The use of railroad transport in the last few years has been decaying. However, the rail transport is a good and viable alternative to reduce the energy consumption and the emissions of polluting gases in the freight transport sector. With the exposed above, the main objective of this thesis is to focus on quantifying the actual energy needs and quantity of emissions generated by both railroad and road transport in a variety of scenarios created. In the end, is expected to be able to reach a conclusion by comparing the two transport modes. Where it will be verified which transport mode is the most energetic efficient and in what scenarios. From a numerical analysis of the results it was possible to conclude that indeed exists an decrease of about three times the total energy consumption and a decrease of about five times the total emissions produced by the road transport. The second main objective of this thesis is to develop a map where is exposed the energy needs and the total emissions produce to reach various locations in the country, Portugal, from other one specific location. This will be made for the two transport modes, where will be created a more visual possibility for comparing the results of the energy needs and emissions produced by the rail and road freight transport. From the maps is possible to create a more visual way of spotting the difference between the two ways of transport, being in average the energy consumption of railroad three times lower and the production of CO2 emissions five times lower than the road transport.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Keywords
Energia Emissões Eficiência Transporte ferroviário Transporte rodoviário Energy Emissions Efficiency Rail transport
Citation
Pita, Nuno Alexandre Rodrigues - Comparação energética e ambiental dos modos rodoviário e ferroviário no transporte de mercadorias. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2023. Dissertação de Mestrado