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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O número de exames radiológicos pediátricos (até aos 18 anos) tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Apesar de ser reconhecido que as crianças apresentam vulnerabilidades aos efeitos, quer imediatos, quer diferidos, das radiações ionizantes, presume-se que os pedidos vão continuar a crescer. Nesse contexto, importa compreender o processo de decisão deste tipo de exames, pois são os pais que, independentemente do seu nível de conhecimento sobre o assunto, assumem a responsabilidade do risco-benefício da exposição às radiações ionizantes. O objetivo desta Revisão Sistemática foi estudar o nível de conhecimento dos pais e cuidadores de crianças até aos 18 anos sobre o risco da realização de exames radiológicos. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na recomendação PRISMA. As palavras-chave, utilizadas para a pesquisa da bibliografia foram: (i) radiology; (ii) radiation, ionizing; (iii) health literacy; (iv) knowledge; (v) risk assessement; (vi) parents e (v) child. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados: MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo e B-On. Após a pesquisa e seleção dos artigos foram analisados 11 estudos. Os resultados são apresentados segundo as hipóteses decorrentes da questão de partida: (i) conhecimento e comunicação efetiva; (ii) atitudes e práticas e (iii) confiança dos cuidadores sobre esses exames radiológicos. Destaca-se, como principal resultado, o reduzido nível de literacia sobre os exames radiológicos pediátricos, entre os pais e cuidadores. A utilização de folhetos informativos e mais recentemente uma aplicação de telemóvel com informações sobre os exames radiológicos, demonstraram efetividade na transmissão de informação e consequente aumento de confiança no exame. No entanto, o médico prescritor e os profissionais da radiologia são quem continua a fornecer mais informação Os momentos de esclarecimento prévio com os pais e cuidadores aumentaram a perceção do risco, mas a sua capacidade para influenciar a realização dos exames de diagnóstico radiológico, quando apresentados como necessários pelas equipas médicas, mantém-se muito limitada.
ABSTRACT - The number of pediatric radiological examinations (up to 18 years) has increased in recent years. Although it is recognized that children are vulnerable to the effects, either immediate or delayed, of ionizing radiation, it is assumed that requests will continue to grow. In this context, it is important to understand the decision-making process of this type of exam, since it is the parents who, regardless of their level of knowledge on the subject, assume the responsibility for the risk-benefit of exposure to ionizing radiation. The aim of the Systematic Review was to study the level of knowledge of parents and caregivers of children up to 18 years old about the risk of radiological examinations. The methodology used was based on the PRISMA recommendation. The keywords used for bibliographic research were: (i) radiology; (ii) radiation, ionizing; (iii) health literacy; (iv) knowledge; (v) risk assessment; (vi) parents and (v) child. The research was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE / PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, and B-ON. After the articles' research and selection, 11 studies were analyzed. The results are presented according to the hypotheses arising from the starting question: (i) knowledge and effective communication; (ii) attitudes and practices; and (iii) caregivers' confidence in these radiological examinations. The main conclusion is the low level of literacy on pediatric radiological examination among parents and caregivers. The use of leaflets and more recently a mobile phone application with information about radiological exams demonstrated effectiveness in the transmission of information and consequent increase in confidence in the exam. Nevertheless, the prescribing physician and radiology professionals are still the ones who provide the most information. Prior clarification moments with parents and caregivers increased risk perception, but their ability to influence the execution of radiological diagnostic examinations, when presented as necessary by medical teams, remains very limited.
ABSTRACT - The number of pediatric radiological examinations (up to 18 years) has increased in recent years. Although it is recognized that children are vulnerable to the effects, either immediate or delayed, of ionizing radiation, it is assumed that requests will continue to grow. In this context, it is important to understand the decision-making process of this type of exam, since it is the parents who, regardless of their level of knowledge on the subject, assume the responsibility for the risk-benefit of exposure to ionizing radiation. The aim of the Systematic Review was to study the level of knowledge of parents and caregivers of children up to 18 years old about the risk of radiological examinations. The methodology used was based on the PRISMA recommendation. The keywords used for bibliographic research were: (i) radiology; (ii) radiation, ionizing; (iii) health literacy; (iv) knowledge; (v) risk assessment; (vi) parents and (v) child. The research was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE / PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, and B-ON. After the articles' research and selection, 11 studies were analyzed. The results are presented according to the hypotheses arising from the starting question: (i) knowledge and effective communication; (ii) attitudes and practices; and (iii) caregivers' confidence in these radiological examinations. The main conclusion is the low level of literacy on pediatric radiological examination among parents and caregivers. The use of leaflets and more recently a mobile phone application with information about radiological exams demonstrated effectiveness in the transmission of information and consequent increase in confidence in the exam. Nevertheless, the prescribing physician and radiology professionals are still the ones who provide the most information. Prior clarification moments with parents and caregivers increased risk perception, but their ability to influence the execution of radiological diagnostic examinations, when presented as necessary by medical teams, remains very limited.
Description
Mestrado em Gestão e Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde
Keywords
Literacia em saúde Pais Cuidadores Radiação Informação de saúde Comunicação efetiva Health literacy Parents Caregivers Radiation Health information Effective communication
Citation
Lopes AJ. O conhecimento que os pais ou cuidadores de crianças submetidas a exames radiológicos têm sobre o risco do exame: revisão sistemática [dissertation]. Lisboa: Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa/Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade do Algarve; 2019.
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa