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Abstract(s)
Introdução – O tabagismo é o fator de risco modificável responsável por mais mortes a nível mundial, verificando-se que mais de 25% dos jovens da União Europeia são fumadores. Os efeitos da nicotina no sistema cardiovascular induzem o aumento da frequência cardíaca (FC) e da pressão arterial (PA), podendo também provocar disritmias. Objetivo – Verificar quais são as alterações dos parâmetros tensionais e eletrocardiográficos antes, durante e após o consumo de um cigarro em jovens adultos fumadores. Métodos – Estudo quase-experimental, cuja amostra (N=30), obtida por conveniência, foi dividida em dois grupos: fumadores diários (n=16) e ocasionais (n=14). Avaliaram-se a PA, FC, intervalo PQ, complexo QRS, intervalo QTc e extrassistolia antes, durante e após o ato de fumar um cigarro. Resultados e Discussão – Registou-se um aumento significativo da FC e PA sistólica e diastólica, durante o ato de fumar, nos dois grupos. Passados 15 minutos de recuperação, o grupo de fumadores diários ainda apresenta diferenças significativas de FC em relação ao valor basal (FCb=71±8,1bpm; FC 15min=80±7,8bpm; p=0,000), enquanto os fumadores ocasionais se aproximam do seu valor basal após os 13 minutos de recuperação (FCb=72±16,8bpm; FC 13min=78±10,6bpm; p=0,059). Comparando os valores de PA entre os dois grupos de fumadores verifica-se apenas diferenças significativas na PAd no momento de fim de fumo (diários = 89±17,2mmHg; ocasionais = 80±8,7mmHg; p=0,047) e nos 15 minutos de recuperação (diários = 81±8,7mmHg; ocasionais = 75±8,1mmHg; p=0,037). O aumento imediato da FC e PA durante o fumo pode ser atribuído à nicotina que estimula a libertação de neurotransmissores que induzem o aumento da FC e da PA. Quanto às restantes variáveis eletrocardiográficas não se verificaram alterações entre os dois grupos de fumadores, à exceção do aumento do intervalo QTc nos fumadores diários (QTc basal=398,1±26,0ms vs QTc fim de fumo=433,3±21,3ms, p=0,000) e nos fumadores ocasionais (QTc basal=411,9±25,2ms vs QTc fim de fumo=434,1±20,0ms, p=0,000). Considerações finais – Das alterações cardiovasculares induzidas pelo tabaco salientam-se o aumento da FC, do intervalo QTc e da PA diastólica e sistólica. O comportamento das variáveis em estudo foi semelhante em ambos os grupos; contudo, o grupo dos fumadores diários apresentou alterações mais evidentes relativamente aos fumadores ocasionais.
ABSTRACT - Background – Smoking is the modifiable risk factor responsible for more deaths worldwide, more than 25% of the European Union young adult are smokers. The nicotine effects on the cardiovascular system induce the increase of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and may also cause ventricular dysrhythmias. The aim of the study – Verification of changes on blood pressure and electrocardiographic parameters before, during and after tobacco smoke, in young adult smokers. Methods – Quasi-experimental study, whose sample (N=30), obtained by convenience, was divided into two groups: daily smokers (n=16) and occasional smokers (n=14). Measurements of BP, HR, PQ interval, QRS complex, QTc, and extrasystoles were made before, during and after smoking. Results and Discussion – There was a significant increase in HR, systolic and diastolic BP during the act of smoking in both groups. After 15 minutes of recovery, the daily smokers still have significant differences of HR in relation to baseline (HRb=71±8.1bpm; HR 15min=80±7.8bpm; p=0.000), while occasional smokers approximate to baseline values after 13 minutes of recovery (HRb=72±16.8bpm; HR 13min=78±10.6 bpm; p=0.059). Comparing the BP values between the two groups of smokers, there are significant differences in diastolic BP at the end of smoking (daily = 89±17.2mmHg; occasional = 80±8.7mmHg, p=0.047) and at 15 minutes of recovery period (daily = 81±8.7mmHg; occasional = 75±8.1mmHg; p=0.037). The immediate increase of HR during smoke may be attributed to nicotine, which stimulates neurotransmitters that induce an increase in heart rate, blood pressure. In the remaining electrocardiographic variables, there were no statistically significant changes between the two smoking groups, besides the increase in QTc interval in Daily smokers (QTc basal=398.1±26.0ms vs QTc end of smoking=433.3±21.3ms, p=0.000) and in occasional smokers (QTc basal=411.9±25.2ms vs QTc end of smoking=434.1±20.0ms, p=0.000). Conclusion – The relevant cardiovascular changes induced by tobacco smoking in this study were the increase in HR, QTc interval and systolic and diastolic BP. The study variables behavior was similar in both groups, however, the daily smokers group always showed higher changes than occasional smokers.
ABSTRACT - Background – Smoking is the modifiable risk factor responsible for more deaths worldwide, more than 25% of the European Union young adult are smokers. The nicotine effects on the cardiovascular system induce the increase of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and may also cause ventricular dysrhythmias. The aim of the study – Verification of changes on blood pressure and electrocardiographic parameters before, during and after tobacco smoke, in young adult smokers. Methods – Quasi-experimental study, whose sample (N=30), obtained by convenience, was divided into two groups: daily smokers (n=16) and occasional smokers (n=14). Measurements of BP, HR, PQ interval, QRS complex, QTc, and extrasystoles were made before, during and after smoking. Results and Discussion – There was a significant increase in HR, systolic and diastolic BP during the act of smoking in both groups. After 15 minutes of recovery, the daily smokers still have significant differences of HR in relation to baseline (HRb=71±8.1bpm; HR 15min=80±7.8bpm; p=0.000), while occasional smokers approximate to baseline values after 13 minutes of recovery (HRb=72±16.8bpm; HR 13min=78±10.6 bpm; p=0.059). Comparing the BP values between the two groups of smokers, there are significant differences in diastolic BP at the end of smoking (daily = 89±17.2mmHg; occasional = 80±8.7mmHg, p=0.047) and at 15 minutes of recovery period (daily = 81±8.7mmHg; occasional = 75±8.1mmHg; p=0.037). The immediate increase of HR during smoke may be attributed to nicotine, which stimulates neurotransmitters that induce an increase in heart rate, blood pressure. In the remaining electrocardiographic variables, there were no statistically significant changes between the two smoking groups, besides the increase in QTc interval in Daily smokers (QTc basal=398.1±26.0ms vs QTc end of smoking=433.3±21.3ms, p=0.000) and in occasional smokers (QTc basal=411.9±25.2ms vs QTc end of smoking=434.1±20.0ms, p=0.000). Conclusion – The relevant cardiovascular changes induced by tobacco smoking in this study were the increase in HR, QTc interval and systolic and diastolic BP. The study variables behavior was similar in both groups, however, the daily smokers group always showed higher changes than occasional smokers.
Description
Keywords
Tabagismo Frequência cardíaca Pressão arterial Eletrocardiografia Repolarização ventricular Tobacco smoking Heart rate Blood pressure Electrocardiography Ventricular repolarization
Citation
Lopes I, Teixeira P, Silva AP, Cunha G, Fonseca V, Lobato J. Efeitos cardiovasculares agudos induzidos pelo tabaco em jovens adultos fumadores. Saúde & Tecnologia. 2018;(19):20-6.
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa