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Abstract(s)
Atualmente, as alterações climáticas são consideradas uma das ameaças ambientais mais preocupantes a nível global, apresentando fortes impactes nos ecossistemas naturais, na qualidade e quantidade da água, na saúde humana e nas atividades económicas. O território angolano não está isento desta fragilidade e realidade, a pressão humana sobre o mau uso dos recursos naturais tem contribuído para o desequilíbrio dos ecossistemas. Este trabalho visa analisar os impactes das alterações climáticas na região sul de Angola, especificamente na província do Cunene, e inclusive proceder à caracterização dos processos climáticos na bacia hidrográfica do Cunene, desvendar medidas de mitigação para os impactes que assolam a região, para a melhoria das condições de vida em todos os sectores, tendo em conta a sua vulnerabilidade. Os solos de sul de Angola são férteis no seu contexto geral, porém, são vulneráveis a AC, devido a grande capacidade de infiltração que apresentam, estas alterações são originadas principalmente pelas temperaturas elevadas e diminuição da precipitação, e consequentemente, observa-se em escassez relativamente à disponibilidade de água para o consumo humano, irrigação e solos produtivos para agricultura. A província do Cunene tem na sua riqueza um rio enorme, que tem a capacidade suficiente para dar respostas às várias situações da região. Verifica-se que os impactes das alterações climáticas são notórios e têm uma maior afetação na região sul do país e na província do Cunene, esta encontra-se localizada próximo do deserto Namibe, que contribui bastante na ausência de precipitação e aumento das temperaturas, contribuindo para fenómenos atmosféricos como a título de exemplo: a seca, as cheias, a migração de animais e pessoas, tem se verificado cada vez mais devido a falta de condições de vida que a região do Cunene apresenta. Os recursos hídricos constituem reservas estratégicas nacionais, sendo fundamentais para a subsistência das populações e o crescimento da economia local. As alterações climáticas têm causado impactes ambientais consideráveis no que tange o consumo da água, afetando igualmente os diferentes componentes do ciclo hidrológico.
Currently, climate change is considered one of the most worrying environmental threats at a global level, with strong impacts on natural ecosystems, water quality and quantity, human health and economic activities. The Angolan territory is not exempt from this fragility and reality, human pressure on the misuse of natural resources has contributed to the imbalance of ecosystems. This work aims to analyze the impacts of climate change in the southern region of Angola, specifically in the province of Cunene, and the characterization of climatic processes in the Cunene River basin, to unveil mitigation measures for the impacts of droughts and floods that devastate the region, for the improvement of living conditions in all sectors, considering their vulnerability. The soils of southern Angola are fertile in their general context, but they are vulnerable to climate change, due to their great infiltration capacity, these changes are mainly caused by high temperatures and decreased precipitation, and consequently, we have a shortage of availability of water for human consumption, irrigation and productive soils for agriculture. The Cunene province has a huge river in its wealth, which has enough capacity to respond to the various situations in the region. The southern region of the country is the most affected by the impacts of climate change, the province of Cunene is the most affected, it is located near the Namibe desert, which helps a lot in the absence of precipitation and increase in temperatures, drought, the floods, the migration of animals and people, has been happening more and more due to the lack of living conditions that the Cunene region presents. Water resources constitute strategic national reserves, being fundamental for the subsistence of populations and the growth of the local economy and beyond. Climate change has caused considerable environmental impacts on water consumption, also affecting the different components of the hydrological cycle.
Currently, climate change is considered one of the most worrying environmental threats at a global level, with strong impacts on natural ecosystems, water quality and quantity, human health and economic activities. The Angolan territory is not exempt from this fragility and reality, human pressure on the misuse of natural resources has contributed to the imbalance of ecosystems. This work aims to analyze the impacts of climate change in the southern region of Angola, specifically in the province of Cunene, and the characterization of climatic processes in the Cunene River basin, to unveil mitigation measures for the impacts of droughts and floods that devastate the region, for the improvement of living conditions in all sectors, considering their vulnerability. The soils of southern Angola are fertile in their general context, but they are vulnerable to climate change, due to their great infiltration capacity, these changes are mainly caused by high temperatures and decreased precipitation, and consequently, we have a shortage of availability of water for human consumption, irrigation and productive soils for agriculture. The Cunene province has a huge river in its wealth, which has enough capacity to respond to the various situations in the region. The southern region of the country is the most affected by the impacts of climate change, the province of Cunene is the most affected, it is located near the Namibe desert, which helps a lot in the absence of precipitation and increase in temperatures, drought, the floods, the migration of animals and people, has been happening more and more due to the lack of living conditions that the Cunene region presents. Water resources constitute strategic national reserves, being fundamental for the subsistence of populations and the growth of the local economy and beyond. Climate change has caused considerable environmental impacts on water consumption, also affecting the different components of the hydrological cycle.
Description
Trabalho final de Mestrado para a obtenção de grau de Mestre em Engenharia da Qualidade e Ambiente
Keywords
Alterações climáticas Recursos hídricos Impacte ambiental Climate change Water resources Environmental impact Population
Citation
PEDRO, Mírnia Constância Matias Queiroz - Efeitos das alterações climáticas na bacia hidrográfica de Cunene – Angola. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2022. Dissertação de Mestrado