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Abstract(s)
O ar comprimido é uma forma de energia largamente difundida na generalidade da indústria. Tem várias características que lhe conferem esta universalidade. É uma forma de energia que responde a inúmeras solicitações industriais: accionamento de sistemas pneumáticos, accionamento de ferramentas e bombas, transporte de substâncias, decapagem e pintura, oxigenação e agitação de meios, etc. Acresce a tudo isto o facto de o ar comprimido ser uma forma de energia limpa, segura e fácil de manusear, o que lhe permite ter um papel fundamental na maioria dos processos industriais. Porém, o reverso desta realidade é o facto de ser uma forma de energia com elevados custos. Vários estudos indicam que numa unidade fabril, cerca de 10% do consumo eléctrico é relativo à produção de ar comprimido, podendo mesmo chegar aos 30% em processos muito dependentes desta forma de energia. Paradoxalmente, os mesmos estudos dão conta que os sistemas de ar comprimido são frequentemente negligenciados, desconhecendo-se o enorme potencial de poupança energética.
Pretende-se assim, neste trabalho, abordar os sistemas de ar comprimido (SAC) nos seus diferentes sub-sistemas (produção, tratamento, armazenamento e distribuição), olhando-os individualmente e no seu todo, por forma a sensibilizar os diversos agentes para a contribuição potencial de medidas de melhoria energética e assim difundir as boas práticas nesta indústria.
Para levar a cabo um plano de melhoria de eficiência energética num SAC é importante identificar os pontos de melhoria recorrendo a uma auditoria, quantificar os seus benefícios e depois avaliar os investimentos envolvidos para a sua implementação. Sendo essa relação custo-benefício economicamente atractiva, as medidas de melhoria tem toda a legitimidade para serem implementadas.
Por último, é proposto uma nova abordagem de controlo de compressores electropneumáticos com vista à optimização de produção de ar comprimido.
Compressed air is a widespread form of energy in the general industry. It has several characteristics that give it this universality. It is a form of energy that responds to innumerable industrial demands: actuation of pneumatic systems, drive of tools and pumps, transport of substances, pickling and painting, oxygenation and agitation of means, etc. In addition to this, compressed air is a form of clean, safe and easy-to-handle energy, which allows it to play a key role in most industrial processes. However, the reverse of this reality is that it is a form of energy with high costs. Several studies indicate that in a plant, about 10% of the electrical consumption is related to the production of compressed air, and may even reach 30% in processes that are very dependent on this form of energy. Paradoxically, the same studies show that compressed air systems are often neglected and the enormous potential for energy savings is unknown. The aim of this work is to discuss compressed air systems (SACs) in their different subsystems (production, treatment, storage and distribution), looking at them individually and as a whole, in order to sensitize the various agents for the Energy improvement measures and thus disseminate good practice in this industry. In order to carry out a plan to improve energy efficiency in a SAC, it is important to identify the points of improvement by means of an audit, to quantify its benefits and then to evaluate the investments involved in its implementation. As this cost-benefit ratio is economically attractive, the improvement measures have all the legitimacy to be implemented. Finally, a new approach to the control of electro-pneumatic compressors is proposed with a view to optimizing the production of compressed air.
Compressed air is a widespread form of energy in the general industry. It has several characteristics that give it this universality. It is a form of energy that responds to innumerable industrial demands: actuation of pneumatic systems, drive of tools and pumps, transport of substances, pickling and painting, oxygenation and agitation of means, etc. In addition to this, compressed air is a form of clean, safe and easy-to-handle energy, which allows it to play a key role in most industrial processes. However, the reverse of this reality is that it is a form of energy with high costs. Several studies indicate that in a plant, about 10% of the electrical consumption is related to the production of compressed air, and may even reach 30% in processes that are very dependent on this form of energy. Paradoxically, the same studies show that compressed air systems are often neglected and the enormous potential for energy savings is unknown. The aim of this work is to discuss compressed air systems (SACs) in their different subsystems (production, treatment, storage and distribution), looking at them individually and as a whole, in order to sensitize the various agents for the Energy improvement measures and thus disseminate good practice in this industry. In order to carry out a plan to improve energy efficiency in a SAC, it is important to identify the points of improvement by means of an audit, to quantify its benefits and then to evaluate the investments involved in its implementation. As this cost-benefit ratio is economically attractive, the improvement measures have all the legitimacy to be implemented. Finally, a new approach to the control of electro-pneumatic compressors is proposed with a view to optimizing the production of compressed air.
Description
Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Keywords
Sistemas de ar comprido (SAC) Compressed air systems (SAC) Auditorias energéticas Energy audit Eficiência energética Energy efficiency
Citation
OLIVEIRA, Paulo Fernando de Lemos - Análise de eficiência dos sistemas de ar comprimido em unidades industriais. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2018. Dissertação de mestrado.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa