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Abstract(s)
O pé humano é um elemento de extrema importância a nível estrutural, uma vez que fornece suporte e postura corporal, permitindo também a locomoção. A sua estrutura anatómica pode apresentar diversas formas e comportamentos, variando de pessoa para pessoa. No entanto, pode evoluir com malformações anatómicas congénitas, sendo alvo de soluções/tratamentos mais ou menos severos, conduzindo ao aparecimento de diversas lesões e deformidades. Algumas das lesões e deformidades apenas podem ser corrigidas recorrendo a cirurgias, isto é, remoção parcial ou total do órgão, noutros casos, podem ser atenuadas ou mesmo evitadas se forem tomados procedimentos e comportamentos adequados no quotidiano. A escolha adequada do calçado é um dos exemplos, mas a solução pode passar pela utilização de dispositivos biomecânicos indicados para cada situação. Os pés protésicos são fundamentais para um amputado de membro inferior, uma vez que este dispositivo é que irá permitir que o doente consiga efetuar a marcha o mais natural possível. O presente trabalho visa na identificação de tecnologias e métodos de aquisição 3D. Recorreu-se á modelação e simulação com recurso ao software Solidworks, em que posteriormente foi impresso numa impressora 3D em Onyx+Fibras de carbono. As simulações realizadas no Solidworks, segundo o método de elementos finitos, indicam que o pé protésico desenvolvido não é o mais adequado para se produzir, visto que no início da marcha o mesmo que irá deformar-se com alguma facilidade. Para tal, efetuou-se a junção das duas peças e aumento da espessura para posteriormente a sua impressão 3D. Este projeto permitiu iniciar a criação de uma metodologia de avaliação dos protótipos e perceber através de simulações o nível de defeito do modelo atual, ajudando assim a avaliação de modelos futuros onde se procura melhorar a qualidade de impressão e o design dos modelos.
The human foot is an element of extreme importance at a structural level, as it provides support and body posture, also allowing locomotion. Its anatomical structure can present different forms and behaviours, varying from person to person. However, it can evolve with congenital anatomical malformations, being the target of severe solutions/treatments, leading to the appearance of several lesions and deformities. Some of the injuries and deformities can be corrected only by resorting to surgery, that is, partial or total removal of the organ, other cases can be mitigated or even avoided if procedures are taken and behaved in everyday life. The proper choice of footwear is one example, but the solution may involve the use of biomechanical devices indicated for each situation. The present work aims at studying emerging technologies for modelling and manufacturing a prosthetic foot. Prosthetic feet are essential for a lower limb amputee, as this device will allow the patient to walk as naturally as possible. Modeling and simulation were resorted to using the Solidworks software, in which it was printed on a 3D printer in Onyx+Carbon Fibers. The simulations carried out in Solidworks, according to the finite element method, indicate that the prosthetic foot developed is not the most suitable to be produced, since at the beginning of the gait it will break and deform with some ease. To this end, the two pieces were joined together, and the thickness increased for later 3D printing. This project allowed to start the creation of a prototype evaluation methodology and to understand through simulations the defect level of the current model, thus helping the evaluation of future models where it is sought to improve the printing quality and the design of the models.
The human foot is an element of extreme importance at a structural level, as it provides support and body posture, also allowing locomotion. Its anatomical structure can present different forms and behaviours, varying from person to person. However, it can evolve with congenital anatomical malformations, being the target of severe solutions/treatments, leading to the appearance of several lesions and deformities. Some of the injuries and deformities can be corrected only by resorting to surgery, that is, partial or total removal of the organ, other cases can be mitigated or even avoided if procedures are taken and behaved in everyday life. The proper choice of footwear is one example, but the solution may involve the use of biomechanical devices indicated for each situation. The present work aims at studying emerging technologies for modelling and manufacturing a prosthetic foot. Prosthetic feet are essential for a lower limb amputee, as this device will allow the patient to walk as naturally as possible. Modeling and simulation were resorted to using the Solidworks software, in which it was printed on a 3D printer in Onyx+Carbon Fibers. The simulations carried out in Solidworks, according to the finite element method, indicate that the prosthetic foot developed is not the most suitable to be produced, since at the beginning of the gait it will break and deform with some ease. To this end, the two pieces were joined together, and the thickness increased for later 3D printing. This project allowed to start the creation of a prototype evaluation methodology and to understand through simulations the defect level of the current model, thus helping the evaluation of future models where it is sought to improve the printing quality and the design of the models.
Description
Trabalho final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica
Keywords
Marcha humana Pé protésico Tecnologias emergentes Elementos finitos Human gait Prosthetic foot Emerging technologies Finite elements
Citation
ALVARINHO, Júlia Inês Garrido - Técnicas de modelação e aquisição de formas 3D e tecnologias existentes com aplicação Biomédica. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2023. Dissertação de Mestrado.