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Avaliação do volume do hipocampo por ressonância magnética em cães com síndrome de disfunção cognitiva
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A ressonância magnética é uma técnica de imagem de particular interesse na área da neurologia, permitindo a obtenção de dados biométricos, tais como o volume do hipocampo, usado como marcador para a Doença de Alzheimer (DA). Em cães, a Síndrome de Disfunção Cognitiva (SDC) é uma doença neurodegenerativa com paralelismos com a DA. O diagnóstico é feito através de inquérito realizado aos tutores, não existindo parâmetros biológicos objetivos que possam ser medidos e que sejam úteis em ambiente clínico. Esta dissertação pretende avaliar a possível correlação entre o volume do hipocampo e a SDC canina, com recurso à imagiologia por ressonância magnética. A hipótese é que, tal como nos doentes humanos, também nos cães com a referida síndrome existe redução do volume do hipocampo. Foram realizadas ressonâncias magnéticas ao encéfalo de 24 pacientes com mais de 2 anos que se apresentaram na Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária para realização de exame com anestesia, tendo 9 o diagnóstico de SDC e 15 pertencendo ao grupo de controlo. O volume do hipocampo foi medido com recurso a software de segmentação, tendo sido comparados os resultados dos dois grupos. Para normalizar as diferenças entre raças de cães, foi determinado o rácio hipocampo / encéfalo, dividindo o volume do hipocampo pelo volume do encéfalo em cada caso. O estudo revelou que existe uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o rácio hipocampo / encéfalo e o diagnóstico de disfunção cognitiva, tendo os pacientes com SDC um rácio inferior (1,14 %), em comparação com os animais sem SDC (1,68 %) (p < 0,001).
ABSTRACT: Magnetic resonance imaging is an imaging technique of particular interest in the field of neurology, enabling the acquisition of biometric data such as hippocampal volume, which is used as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. In canines, cognitive dysfunction syndrome is a neurodegenerative disease with parallels to Alzheimer's disease. Diagnosis is made through surveys conducted with caregivers, as there are no objective biological parameters that can be measured and that are useful in a clinical setting. This dissertation aims to evaluate the possible correlation between hippocampal volume and canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome, utilizing magnetic resonance imaging. The hypothesis is that, as in human patients, there is also a reduction in hippocampal volume in dogs with cognitive dysfunction syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on the brains of 24 patients over the age of 2 years who were presented at the Veterinary Medicine College for examination under anesthesia. Of these, 9 were diagnosed with Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome and 15 were assigned to the control group. The hippocampal volume was measured using segmentation software, and the results of the two groups were compared. To normalize differences between dog breeds, the hippocampus-to-brain ratio was determined by dividing the hippocampal volume by the brain volume in each case. The study revealed a statistically significant difference between the hippocampus-to-brain ratio and the diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction, with patients with cognitive dysfunction having a lower ratio (1.14%), compared to animals without the syndrome (1.68%) (p < 0.001).
ABSTRACT: Magnetic resonance imaging is an imaging technique of particular interest in the field of neurology, enabling the acquisition of biometric data such as hippocampal volume, which is used as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. In canines, cognitive dysfunction syndrome is a neurodegenerative disease with parallels to Alzheimer's disease. Diagnosis is made through surveys conducted with caregivers, as there are no objective biological parameters that can be measured and that are useful in a clinical setting. This dissertation aims to evaluate the possible correlation between hippocampal volume and canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome, utilizing magnetic resonance imaging. The hypothesis is that, as in human patients, there is also a reduction in hippocampal volume in dogs with cognitive dysfunction syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on the brains of 24 patients over the age of 2 years who were presented at the Veterinary Medicine College for examination under anesthesia. Of these, 9 were diagnosed with Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome and 15 were assigned to the control group. The hippocampal volume was measured using segmentation software, and the results of the two groups were compared. To normalize differences between dog breeds, the hippocampus-to-brain ratio was determined by dividing the hippocampal volume by the brain volume in each case. The study revealed a statistically significant difference between the hippocampus-to-brain ratio and the diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction, with patients with cognitive dysfunction having a lower ratio (1.14%), compared to animals without the syndrome (1.68%) (p < 0.001).
Description
Mestrado em Radiações Aplicadas às Tecnologias da Saúde - Área de especialização: Imagem por Ressonância Magnética
Keywords
Imagiologia por ressonância magnética Síndroma de disfunção cognitiva Cão Doença de Alzheimer Hipocampo Magnetic resonance imaging Cognitive dysfunction Dog Alzheimer disease Hippocampus MRATES
Citation
Almeida AL. Avaliação do volume do hipocampo por ressonância magnética em cães com síndrome de disfunção cognitiva [dissertation]. Lisboa: Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa/Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; 2024.
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa