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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: O aumento global da prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade infantis são uma tendência preocupante. Muitas crianças estão no seu dia-a-dia expostas a ambientes “obesogénicos”, nomeadamente em redor da escola, com um possível impacto no seu IMC. Este trabalho tem como objectivo avaliar a proximidade entre escolas e estabelecimentos de fast-food (EFF) de 3 perspectivas diferentes, no território de Portugal continental. Metodologia: Utilizou-se a base de dados de escolas de Portugal continental e recolheu se as localizações dos estabelecimentos das 3 principais marcas de fast-food no país. Identificou-se qual o EFF mais próximo de cada escola, bem como a respectiva distância; agregou-se os dados por NUTS3 e obteve-se o valor mediano dessa distância. Determinou-se o número de EFF num raio de 400 e 800m de cada escola; agregou-se os dados por NUTS3 e obteve-se o valor médio de EFF nesses raios. Por fim, utilizou-se a função K (de Ripley) bivariada heterogénea para determinar se a localização dos EFF é dependente das escolas. Resultados: Considerando a distância mediana ao EFF mais próximo, os NUTS3 mais críticos são a área metropolitana (AM) de Lisboa, AM Porto, Alentejo Central, Algarve, Ave, Cávado, Médio Tejo, e Beira Baixa, com uma distância mediana ao EFF mais próximo <2.18km. Considerando a média de EFF num raio de 400 e 800m, as AM Lisboa, AM Porto, o Alentejo Central e o Cávado continuam a ser, por esta perspectiva, locais de grande proximidade aos EFF, mas Oeste e Terras de Trás-os-Montes também ganham destaque. Por fim, pode-se afirmar que a localização dos EFF em Portugal continental não é independente da localização das escolas, havendo efectivamente um clustering estatisticamente significativo a partir de aproximadamente 275m, excepto nas áreas representadas pelos polígonos Urbanas. Conclusão: na maioria do território de Portugal continental os EFF têm uma tendência estatisticamente significativa para se localizar perto das escolas, havendo alguns NUTS3 em que o problema da proximidade parece ser mais marcado, nomeadamente AM Lisboa, AM Porto, o Alentejo Central e o Cávado. São necessários mais estudos para entender o real impacto deste fácil acesso à fast-food na saúde dos alunos portugueses.
ABSTRACT - Background: The global rise of childhood obesity is an alarming trend. Several children are exposed on a daily basis to obesogenic environments, namely around their schools, which could have a potential impact on their BMI. This paper aims to analyze the proximity between schools and fast-food restaurants from 3 different perspectives, in mainland Portugal. Methods: The Portuguese schools' database was obtained, as were the locations of the restaurants of the 3 major fast-food brands in Portugal. For every school, the closest restaurant was identified, and the distance between them was measured; the data obtained were grouped by NUTS3 and the median value was calculated. For every school, the number of restaurants on 400 and 800m radii was calculated; the data obtained were grouped by NUTS3 and the mean value was calculated. Finally, the Inhomogeneous Cross K Function was used to determine whether the location of the restaurants was independent of the schools. Results: Considering the median distance to the closest restaurant, Área Metropolitana (AM) de Lisboa, AM Porto, Alentejo Central, Algarve, Ave, Cávado, Médio Tejo and Beira Baixa are the most problematic NUTS3, with values <2.18km. Considering the mean number of restaurants on 400 and 800m radii, AM Lisboa, AM Porto, Alentejo Central, and Cávado remain problematic areas but are now joined by Oeste and Terras de Trás-os-Montes. Finally, the location of the restaurants in mainland Portugal is not independent of the location of the schools, and there is a statistically significant clustering from a radius of about 275m, except in the areas represented by the polygons Urbanas. Conclusion: on the majority of mainland Portugal, fast-food restaurants tend to be located near the schools, and the proximity problem seems to be more pronounced in AM Lisboa, AM Porto, Alentejo Central, and Cávado. More studies are needed to understand the actual effect of this facilitated access to fast-food on Portuguese students’ health.
ABSTRACT - Background: The global rise of childhood obesity is an alarming trend. Several children are exposed on a daily basis to obesogenic environments, namely around their schools, which could have a potential impact on their BMI. This paper aims to analyze the proximity between schools and fast-food restaurants from 3 different perspectives, in mainland Portugal. Methods: The Portuguese schools' database was obtained, as were the locations of the restaurants of the 3 major fast-food brands in Portugal. For every school, the closest restaurant was identified, and the distance between them was measured; the data obtained were grouped by NUTS3 and the median value was calculated. For every school, the number of restaurants on 400 and 800m radii was calculated; the data obtained were grouped by NUTS3 and the mean value was calculated. Finally, the Inhomogeneous Cross K Function was used to determine whether the location of the restaurants was independent of the schools. Results: Considering the median distance to the closest restaurant, Área Metropolitana (AM) de Lisboa, AM Porto, Alentejo Central, Algarve, Ave, Cávado, Médio Tejo and Beira Baixa are the most problematic NUTS3, with values <2.18km. Considering the mean number of restaurants on 400 and 800m radii, AM Lisboa, AM Porto, Alentejo Central, and Cávado remain problematic areas but are now joined by Oeste and Terras de Trás-os-Montes. Finally, the location of the restaurants in mainland Portugal is not independent of the location of the schools, and there is a statistically significant clustering from a radius of about 275m, except in the areas represented by the polygons Urbanas. Conclusion: on the majority of mainland Portugal, fast-food restaurants tend to be located near the schools, and the proximity problem seems to be more pronounced in AM Lisboa, AM Porto, Alentejo Central, and Cávado. More studies are needed to understand the actual effect of this facilitated access to fast-food on Portuguese students’ health.
Description
Mestrado em Nutrição Clínica
Keywords
Nutrição Fast-food Mapeamento geográfico Meio escolar Obesidade infantil Análise espacial Portugal Nutrition Schools Pediatric obesity Spatial analysis Geographic mapping
Citation
Santos JS. Acessibilidade à fast-food no contexto peri-escolar em Portugal: um estudo nacional [dissertation]. Lisboa: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa; Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa/Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; 2020.