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Abstract(s)
Atualmente, devido à inexistência de um sistema eficaz de controlo de enchimento de ecopontos, as câmaras municipais ou empresas privadas responsáveis pela recolha urbana têm uma grande dificuldade em predefinir os circuitos dos seus veículos de recolha. A periodicidade com que são agendadas estas recolhas acaba inevitavelmente por errar, quer por defeito, quer por excesso. No primeiro caso, no momento da passagem do veículo pelo ecoponto, este já se encontra cheio, o que, para além de visualmente inestético, pode originar odores desagradáveis e dificultar a passagem de peões ou automóveis. No segundo caso, pode levar a um consumo desnecessário de combustível e horas de trabalho, uma vez que o contentor ainda não se encontrava completamente cheio. Importa referir que um veículo de recolha de RSU (resíduos sólidos urbanos) chega a consumir cerca de 50 L a cada 100 km e a produzir 500 g/km de CO2 quando efetua um percurso urbano. Por outro lado, as empresas que operam neste ramo, apesar de terem dados concretos sobre o volume de resíduos produzidos por determinado distrito/concelho, a um nível mais local, possuem pouca informação sobre o volume de resíduos produzido por ecoponto ou urbanização. Assim, não só a periodicidade das recolhas acaba por não ser a recomendada, como também o dimensionamento dos contentores acaba por ser efetuado sem ter em vista dados mensuráveis. Foi neste contexto que surgiu a ideia de criar um sistema de monitorização do nível de ecopontos, autossuficiente do ponto de vista energético. O sistema proposto nesta dissertação insere-se no universo da limpeza urbana, tendo como objetivo otimizar e equilibrar escalas e circuitos. Paralelamente, irá facilitar o dimensionamento dos contentores dos ecopontos face à produção de resíduos domésticos. Este sistema será inicialmente para aplicação no Campus do Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, podendo depois ser expandido para outros locais de interesse, permitindo que as instituições conheçam o volume de resíduos que produzem e poderem propor medidas mais eficazes de redução, por fileira de resíduo. Em suma, contribuir para que a recolha baseada em dados empíricos seja substituída a curto/médio prazo por uma recolha dinâmica baseada em dados concretos enviados em tempo-real para uma plataforma online.
Currently, due to the lack of an effective system for controlling the filling of ecopoints, city councils or private companies responsible for urban collection have difficulty in predefining the circuits of their collection vehicles. The frequency with which these collections are scheduled inevitably ends up being wrong, either by default or by excess. In the first case, when the vehicle passes through the ecopoint, it is already completely full, leaving residues on the ground, which, in addition to being visually unsightly, can cause unpleasant odors and make it difficult for pedestrians or cars to pass. In the second case, it can lead to unnecessary fuel consumption and hours of work, since the container was not yet completely full. It should be mentioned that a SUW (solid urban waste) collection vehicle consumes around 50 L per 100 km and produces 500 g/km of CO2 when it travels through an urban area circuit. On the other hand, companies operating in this field, despite having concrete data on the volume of waste produced by a given district or municipe, at a more local level, have very little information on the volume of waste produced by ecopoint or urbanization. Thus, not only does the periodicity of the collections end up being wrong, but also the sizing of the containers ends up being carried out without considering measurable data. It was in this context that the idea of creating a self-sufficient ecopoint level monitoring system from an energy point of view. The system proposed in this dissertation is part of the universe of urban cleaning and aims to optimize and balance scales and circuits. At the same time, facilitate the dimensioning of ecopoint containers in view of the production of domestic waste. This system will initially be applied on the Campus of Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa and can later be expanded to other places of interest, allowing institutions to know the volume of waste they produce, in order to propose more effective reduction measures, per row of waste. In short, to contribute for the collection based on empirical data to be replaced in the short/medium term by a dynamic collection based on concrete data sent in real-time to an online platform.
Currently, due to the lack of an effective system for controlling the filling of ecopoints, city councils or private companies responsible for urban collection have difficulty in predefining the circuits of their collection vehicles. The frequency with which these collections are scheduled inevitably ends up being wrong, either by default or by excess. In the first case, when the vehicle passes through the ecopoint, it is already completely full, leaving residues on the ground, which, in addition to being visually unsightly, can cause unpleasant odors and make it difficult for pedestrians or cars to pass. In the second case, it can lead to unnecessary fuel consumption and hours of work, since the container was not yet completely full. It should be mentioned that a SUW (solid urban waste) collection vehicle consumes around 50 L per 100 km and produces 500 g/km of CO2 when it travels through an urban area circuit. On the other hand, companies operating in this field, despite having concrete data on the volume of waste produced by a given district or municipe, at a more local level, have very little information on the volume of waste produced by ecopoint or urbanization. Thus, not only does the periodicity of the collections end up being wrong, but also the sizing of the containers ends up being carried out without considering measurable data. It was in this context that the idea of creating a self-sufficient ecopoint level monitoring system from an energy point of view. The system proposed in this dissertation is part of the universe of urban cleaning and aims to optimize and balance scales and circuits. At the same time, facilitate the dimensioning of ecopoint containers in view of the production of domestic waste. This system will initially be applied on the Campus of Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa and can later be expanded to other places of interest, allowing institutions to know the volume of waste they produce, in order to propose more effective reduction measures, per row of waste. In short, to contribute for the collection based on empirical data to be replaced in the short/medium term by a dynamic collection based on concrete data sent in real-time to an online platform.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Keywords
Resíduos urbanos Monitorização de contentores Contentores inteligentes Sistemas autossuficientes Urban waste Container monitoring Smart containers
Citation
Santos, Daniel José rodrigues dos - Modelação e projeto mecânico de um contentor para monitorização de resíduos no campus do ISEL. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2023. Dissertação de Mestrado