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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Bone formation, in humans, begins during the first weeks of intrauterine life and ends only, definitely, at the end of adolescence. Initially, the skeleton is mostly cartilage. Hyaline cartilage is the one most associated with bone development. As the bone is formed and increasing in length, the cartilage disappears and is replaced by bone tissue. Long bones of the upper and lower limbs in the first years of life are proportionally equal in length. However, from the age of two, their length begins to differentiate and increases due to the existence of growth cartilages. It is in these zones that the formation of a new bone begins. The paediatric bone has growth cartilages, greater elasticity, and porosity, and the periosteum is more resistant compared to the adult bone. These characteristics, which allow differentiation between the two types of bone, are important for determining the type of lesion, treatment, and prognosis in case of fracture. Due to the fact of paediatric bone present different characteristics of the adult, is possible to determine some advantages such as a faster recovery and a greater capacity for bone remodeling after the occurrence of the fracture. However, it also presents some disadvantages of which may be highlighted the delay in the growth that may cause deformation and severe deficits. During childhood, the occurrence of bone lesions is frequent and is often considered a consequence of physical activity. Studies show that about 20% to 25% of children suffer on average one lesion per year and, from these lesions, about 10-25% cause a fracture. Fractures in the paediatric population are common, with about one-third of children suffering at least one fracture before the age of 17. In children between the ages of 2 and 16, the forearm is the bone structure with the highest incidence of fractures, that is, this segment of the upper limb corresponds to about 45% of all paediatric fractures. Of these, approximately 75% affect the distal third, and 80% occur in both bone structures (radius and ulna). The incidence of forearm fractures has increased over time while fractures of the femur, leg, hand, and foot have been decreasing. The occurrence of fractures in the skull, pelvis, and spine are rare. Any classification has the overall objective of producing a common lexicon and a standard form of evaluation. For each fracture, there are several scales of classification. According to Müller et al (1987), any classification system should consider the type and severity of the fracture as the basis for treatment and guide the evaluation. In order to obtain a better definition and specification of each clinical case, several subclassifications were created according to the type of fracture. These types of fractures are referred to as complete fractures, incomplete, comminute, green branches, transverse, oblique and spiral, among others. With the aim to develop specific preventive programs, this study follows an epidemiologic assessment to characterize, through plain x-ray, the most common signs, or patterns, of bone fractures from the paediatric population according to Muller-AO lexicon. The bone fractures considered occurred in a paediatric population (range 2-16 years old) graded on 1-type of fracture; 2-bone involved and 3-fracture's frequency by age group.
Description
Keywords
Radiology Children Fracture Prevalence
Citation
Ribeiro MM, Codesso AR, Fernandes DC. Radiographic patterns evaluation of bone fractures in three paediatric hospitals. In: In: European Congress of Radiology 2018, Vienna (Austria), March 4, 2018.