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Comprehensive analysis of particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, and microbiological contamination in a clothing store from an international chain in Europe

2025-04Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorFurst, Leonardo
dc.contributor.authorCipoli, Yago
dc.contributor.authorGalindo, Nuria
dc.contributor.authorYubero, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorViegas, Carla
dc.contributor.authorGomes, Bianca
dc.contributor.authorCervantes, Renata
dc.contributor.authorNunes, Teresa
dc.contributor.authorFeliciano, Manuel
dc.contributor.authorAlves, Célia
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-27T10:14:38Z
dc.date.available2025-02-27T10:14:38Z
dc.date.issued2025-04
dc.description.abstractIn this study, indoor air quality was assessed in a store belonging to one of Portugal's largest commercial retail groups. A variety of methodologies were used, including gravimetric analysis for particulate matter (PM), optical monitors for real-time PM measurements, gas sensors and analyzers for CO2 and other gaseous pollutants, diffusion tubes for VOCs, and passive deposition for microorganisms. The average PM10 concentration indoors was 16.5 ± 3.87 μg/m3, well below the exposure limits set by various international organizations. A significant portion of indoor PM10 – 69% - was originated from outdoor sources. Outdoor PM10 concentrations were substantially higher, averaging 29.4 ± 14.6 μg/m3. Metal concentrations were also higher outdoors than indoors, and the associated cancer risk and hazard quotient were not exceeded, indicating favorable air quality conditions within the store. Among VOCs, α-pinene and tetrachloroethylene were detected in notable concentrations. α-Pinene likely originated from cleaning products and fragrances, while tetrachloroethylene was attributed to emissions from a dry-cleaning establishment located in the same building, but did not exceed protection thresholds. Microbial analysis showed low concentrations of both fungi and bacteria. However, fungal species with clinical and toxigenic potential were found. The most common fungal species were Trichoderma sp. and Penicillium sp., depending on the culture media. Overall, the clothing store demonstrated good air quality. However, to further reduce the impact of outdoor pollutants on indoor air quality, enhancements to the ventilation system are recommended. These improvements can help create a healthier indoor environment by filtering and managing the intake of external contaminants more effectively.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for its financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020, UIDB/50017/2020 and LAP/0094/2020), SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020), CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020), and to the PhD fellow students Leonardo Furst 515 (SFRH/BD/08461/2020) and Yago Cipoli (SFRH/BD/04992/2021). Funding from 516 MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR” (CAMBIO project, 517 ref. TED2021-131336B-I00) are also acknowledged.
dc.identifier.citationFurst L, Cipoli Y, Galindo N, Viegas C, Gomes B, Cervantes R, et al. Comprehensive analysis of particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, and microbiological contamination in a clothing store from an international chain in Europe. Environ Pollut. 2025;371:125836.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125836
dc.identifier.issn0269-7491
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/21602
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026974912500209X
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Pollution
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectEnvironmental health
dc.subjectIndoor air
dc.subjectAir quality
dc.subjectClothing store
dc.subjectPM10
dc.subjectVOCs
dc.subjectBioburden
dc.titleComprehensive analysis of particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, and microbiological contamination in a clothing store from an international chain in Europeeng
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.volume371
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.startPage125836
oaire.citation.titleEnvironmental Pollution
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameViegas
person.familyNameGomes
person.familyNameWellenkamp de Carvalho Freire de Cervantes
person.givenNameCarla
person.givenNameBianca
person.givenNameRenata
person.identifier.ciencia-idEE1E-C639-D70F
person.identifier.ciencia-idAD1E-B4CE-389D
person.identifier.ciencia-id6018-3CC9-B640
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1545-6479
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6264-6072
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5990-4168
person.identifier.ridB-7217-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id55443609700
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication4f639ef6-2716-49c5-a7e0-75bf0acf6ebc
relation.isAuthorOfPublication28678633-1f6a-4b79-8150-12a857f4a531
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryb5fa5da4-50c3-4b88-ae20-1bc63cb485f7

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