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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Ainsworth, Bell, e Stayton (1974) definem a sensibilidade maternal como
capacidade de perceber e interpretar adequadamente os comportamentos e
comunicações do bebé respondendo pronta e adequadamente às necessidades. Van
den Boom (1997) num estudo meta-analítico apresenta a mutualidade/reciprocidade
como fatores importantes na sensibilidade das mães, ganhando assim um sentido
diádico, no qual a qualidade da interação resulta do produto da sensibilidade do adulto
com a cooperação infantil.
A qualidade da interação mãe-filho(a) tem sido estudada em várias culturas,
contudo, existem poucos estudos interculturais (i.e., realizados nas mesmas condições
em culturas distintas). Neste estudo dedicamo-nos à cultura portuguesa e brasileira que
partilhando a mesma língua são distintas em termos de organização social e nas
respostas à infância e à família.
Assumindo, uma abordagem diádica e uma linha de estudo quasi-intercultural,
procurou-se descrever e comparar a sensibilidade materna e cooperação infantil
atendendo às expressões facial e vocal, posicionamento, afetividade, reciprocidade,
diretividade e qualidade de jogo, em duas amostras independentes: portuguesa e
brasileira. Para o efeito, as díades mãe-filho(a) foram filmadas em jogo livre aos 9
meses.
Os resultados indicam diferenças significativas entre a qualidade interativa nas
duas amostras: mães brasileiras mais passivas e bebés brasileiros mais difíceis. O
género do bebé e o Apgar ao primeiro minuto afetaram os resultados na amostra
brasileira. Na amostra portuguesa foram: idade do pai, Apgar ao quinto minuto, peso
gestacional do bebé, e a escolaridade dos pais associou-se aos comportamentos
interativos mãe-filho(a). Em suma, diferentes fatores afetaram as duas amostras.
Os dados são discutidos à luz das práticas de intervenção precoce suportadas
na evidência e na ação preventiva junto da família.
ABSTRACT: Ainsworth, Bell and Stayton (1974) define maternal sensitivity as the mother's ability to perceive and interpret accurately her infant's signals and communications and then respond appropriately. Van den Boom (1997), in a meta-analytical study, considers mutuality and reciprocity as important factors in maternal sensitivity. This aspect assumes a dyadic meaning, in which the quality of the interaction is the result of the product between the sensitivity of the adult and child cooperation. The quality of mother and child interactions has been studied in several cultures, however, there are few intercultural studies (i.e., performed under the same conditions, between different cultures). In the present study, we focus on both Portuguese and Brazilian cultures which share a common language, but differ in terms of social organization and reaction to childhood and family. Assuming a dyadic approach and an exploratory intercultural line of research, one aim to describe and to compare maternal sensitivity with child cooperation considering facial and vocal expressions, positioning, affection, reciprocity, directivity and play quality between two independent samples – Portuguese and Brazilian. For this purpose, mother and child dyads were filmed during free play at an age of 9 months. The results show significant differences between the quality of the interaction in both samples: Brazilian mothers are more passive and Brazilian babies more difficult. Both the genre of the baby and the Apgar score at the first minute were factors that influenced the results in the Brazilian sample. Concerning the Portuguese sample, those factors included age of the father, Apgar score at the fifth minute, gestational weight of the baby and parents education, which correlated with mother and child interactive behaviours. In sum, different factors affected both samples. The data is discussed in light of early intervention practices and supported in evidence.
ABSTRACT: Ainsworth, Bell and Stayton (1974) define maternal sensitivity as the mother's ability to perceive and interpret accurately her infant's signals and communications and then respond appropriately. Van den Boom (1997), in a meta-analytical study, considers mutuality and reciprocity as important factors in maternal sensitivity. This aspect assumes a dyadic meaning, in which the quality of the interaction is the result of the product between the sensitivity of the adult and child cooperation. The quality of mother and child interactions has been studied in several cultures, however, there are few intercultural studies (i.e., performed under the same conditions, between different cultures). In the present study, we focus on both Portuguese and Brazilian cultures which share a common language, but differ in terms of social organization and reaction to childhood and family. Assuming a dyadic approach and an exploratory intercultural line of research, one aim to describe and to compare maternal sensitivity with child cooperation considering facial and vocal expressions, positioning, affection, reciprocity, directivity and play quality between two independent samples – Portuguese and Brazilian. For this purpose, mother and child dyads were filmed during free play at an age of 9 months. The results show significant differences between the quality of the interaction in both samples: Brazilian mothers are more passive and Brazilian babies more difficult. Both the genre of the baby and the Apgar score at the first minute were factors that influenced the results in the Brazilian sample. Concerning the Portuguese sample, those factors included age of the father, Apgar score at the fifth minute, gestational weight of the baby and parents education, which correlated with mother and child interactive behaviours. In sum, different factors affected both samples. The data is discussed in light of early intervention practices and supported in evidence.
Description
Dissertação apresentada na Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do
grau de mestre em Ciências da Educação
Especialidade Intervenção Precoce
Keywords
Representações maternas Comportamentos nterativos Mãe - Filho Intervenção precoce Maternal representations Mother and child interactive behaviours Early intervention
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa