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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
The assessment of surface water nanofiltration (NF) for the removal of endocrine disruptors (EDs) Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (IGEPAL), 4-Nonylphenol (NP) and 4-Octylphenol (OP) was carried out with three commercial NF membranes - NF90, NF200, NF270. The permeation experiments were conducted in laboratory flat-cell units of 13.2 x 10(-4) m(2) of surface area and in a DSS Lab-unit M20 with a membrane surface area of 0.036 m2. The membranes hydraulic permeabilities ranged from 3.7 to 15.6 kg/h/m(2)/bar and the rejection coefficients to NaCl, Na2SO4 and Glucose are for NF90: 97%, 99% and 97%, respectively; for NF200: 66%, 98% and 90%, respectively and for NF270: 48%, 94% and 84%, respectively. Three sets of nanofiltration experiments were carried out: i) NF of aqueous model solutions of NP, IGEPAL and OP running in total recirculation mode; ii) NF of surface water from Rio Sado (Settibal, Portugal) running in concentration mode; iii) NF of surface water from Rio Sado inoculated with NP, IGEPAL and OP running in concentration mode. The results of model solutions experiments showed that the EDs rejection coefficients are approximately 100% for all the membranes. The results obtained for the surface water showed that the rejection coefficients to natural organic Matter (NOM) are 94%, 82% and 78% for NF90, NF200 and NF 270 membranes respectively, with and without inoculation of EDs. The rejection coefficients to EDs in surface water with and without inoculation of EDs are 100%, showing that there is a fraction of NOM of high molecular weight that retains the EDs in the concentrate and that there is a fraction of NOM of low molecular weight that permeates through the NF membranes free of EDs.
Description
Keywords
Nanofiltration Surface Water Treatment Endocrine Disruptors Natural Organic Matter Drinking Water Nonylphenol Ethoxylate 4-Nonylphenol 4-Octylphenol Natural Organic-Matter Alkylphenol Polyethoxylate Surfactants Solid-Phase Extraction Rejection Properties Aquatic Environment Bisphenol-A Membranes Ultrafiltration Nonylphenol Drinking
Citation
SALVATERRA, Ana Filipa; SARMENTO, Georgina; MINHALMA, Miguel; de PINHO, Maria Norberta - Nanofiltration of surface water for the removal of endocrine disruptors. Desalination and Water Treatment. ISSN 1944-3994. Vol. 35, n.º 1-3 (2011) p. 54-61.