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Emergência em saúde pública em contexto de saúde ocupacional: catástrofes naturais (revisão sistemática da literatura)
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução - Nos últimos tempos, as catástrofes naturais têm sido uma das principais causas de problemas de Saúde Pública, com repercussões a nível social, económico e ambiental. De acordo com a Organização das Nações Unidas, nas últimas décadas, houve 7.348 catástrofes naturais em todo o mundo, sendo que 4 bilhões de pessoas foram afetadas, em que 1,23 milhão de pessoas morreram, o que equivale a cerca de 60 mil por ano. Para a realização do estudo foram selecionadas as catástrofes naturais mais concretamente as epidemias, tendo sido escolhido o Novo Coronavírus SARS-CoV-2, responsável pela atual Pandemia. Para o combate ao novo Coronavírus, foram destacadas equipas multidisciplinares, que trabalham de forma articulada e colaborativa, colocando-se muitas vezes em risco de exposição ao vírus. Destas equipas multidisciplinares, foi selecionado o Corpo dos Bombeiros para fazer parte do estudo. Objetivo - O objetivo do estudo é a análise dos protocolos de atuação dos bombeiros durante a fase de emergência. A questão orientadora do estudo foi: será que existem protocolos de atuação que minimizem os riscos de exposição dos bombeiros durante a fase de emergência em situação de catástrofe natural em contexto de Covid 19? Metodologia - Foi realizada uma Revisão Sistemática utilizando a metodologia PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis) para a seleção de artigos a considerar para o estudo. Para o estudo, foram consultados artigos científicos disponibilizados nas bases de dados: Web of Science, PubMed e LitCovid. Resultados - A análise dos estudos permitiu a identificação de 3 pontos significativos nos protocolos de atuação dos bombeiros durante a fase de emergência: planos de resposta a doenças infeciosas, medidas de controlo do local de trabalho, utilização e formação/treino no uso de equipamento de proteção individual (EPI). Os três pontos foram categorizados na hierarquia de controlo do risco em três medidas: engenharia/ambientais; administrativos/organizacionais e EPI.
ABSTRACT - Introduction - Natural disasters have been one of the main causes of public health problems lately, with, social, economic, and environmental repercussions. According to the United Nations, there have been 7,348 natural disasters worldwide, with 4 billion people affected in recent decades, in which 1.23 million people have died, which is the equivalent of about 60 thousand per year. To carry out the study, natural catastrophes, specifically epidemics, were selected and the new virus responsible for the current Pandemic, Coronavirus Sars-Cov-2, was chosen. Multidisciplinary teams were deployed to fight the new Coronavirus, working in an articulated and collaborative manner, often putting themselves at risk of exposure to the virus. From these multidisciplinary teams, the Fire Department was the one selected to take part in the study. Purpose - The study aims to analyze the protocols of action of firefighters during the emergency phase. The guiding question to the study was: Are there any action protocols that minimize the firefighters’ risks of exposure during the emergency phase in a natural disaster situation? Methodology - A Systematic Review was carried out using the PRISMA methodology (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) for the selection of articles to be considered for the study. For that, scientific articles available in the following databases were consulted: Web of Science, PubMed, and LitCovid. Results - The study’s analysis allowed the identification of three significant points in the firefighters’ performance protocols during the emergency phase: infectious diseases response plans; workplace control measures; use and training in the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The three points were categorized in the risk control hierarchy: engineering/environmental, administrative/organizational control measures; and PPE.
ABSTRACT - Introduction - Natural disasters have been one of the main causes of public health problems lately, with, social, economic, and environmental repercussions. According to the United Nations, there have been 7,348 natural disasters worldwide, with 4 billion people affected in recent decades, in which 1.23 million people have died, which is the equivalent of about 60 thousand per year. To carry out the study, natural catastrophes, specifically epidemics, were selected and the new virus responsible for the current Pandemic, Coronavirus Sars-Cov-2, was chosen. Multidisciplinary teams were deployed to fight the new Coronavirus, working in an articulated and collaborative manner, often putting themselves at risk of exposure to the virus. From these multidisciplinary teams, the Fire Department was the one selected to take part in the study. Purpose - The study aims to analyze the protocols of action of firefighters during the emergency phase. The guiding question to the study was: Are there any action protocols that minimize the firefighters’ risks of exposure during the emergency phase in a natural disaster situation? Methodology - A Systematic Review was carried out using the PRISMA methodology (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) for the selection of articles to be considered for the study. For that, scientific articles available in the following databases were consulted: Web of Science, PubMed, and LitCovid. Results - The study’s analysis allowed the identification of three significant points in the firefighters’ performance protocols during the emergency phase: infectious diseases response plans; workplace control measures; use and training in the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The three points were categorized in the risk control hierarchy: engineering/environmental, administrative/organizational control measures; and PPE.
Description
Mestrado em Segurança e Higiene no Trabalho
Keywords
Saúde ocupacional Saúde pública Catástrofe natural COVID-19 Bombeiros Protocolo de atuação Occupational health Public health Natural disaster Firefighters Acting protocol MSHT
Citation
Silva CC. Emergência em saúde pública em contexto de saúde ocupacional: catástrofes naturais (revisão sistemática da literatura) [dissertation]. Lisboa: Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa/Instituto Politécnico de Saúde; 2022.
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa