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Authors
Abstract(s)
A necessidade de ultrapassar a dependência energética na União Europeia em particular na área dos combustíveis líquidos através da utilização de fontes renováveis endógenas introduziu uma procura acentuada de novas tecnologias nas quais a produção de biocombustíveis via biomass-to-liquid utilizando para o efeito a síntese de Fischer-Tropsch é uma tecnologia de considerável interesse.
Baseando-se em casos de sucesso como a SASOL ou SHELL que integram o processo Fischer-Tropsch na produção de hidrocarbonetos a partir de carvão e gás natural torna-se natural a substituição destas bases energéticas pela biomassa dada a abundância desta na maior parte dos países da europa e implicitamente uma contribuição única na redução dos gases com efeito de estufa o qual se enquadra perfeitamente no próximo programa 2020-2030.
O propósito desta dissertação de Mestrado é implementar em Hysys um programa de simulação de uma produção de hidrocarbonetos líquidos a partir da biomassa utilizando como referencia duas unidades industriais Varnamo, Suécia como o Gaseificador e Gussing, Áustria como reator catalítico heterogéneo combinando-os entre si e ajustando o programa de simulação às características técnicas de funcionamento de cada instalação.
A corrente de Syngas e o perfil de produção de hidrocarbonetos do simulador serão comparados com as características de produção das indústrias de referência o que permitirá avaliar se o programa de simulação se encontra ajustado á realidade e quais as condições operacionais dos reatores que permitem extrapolar um rácio de consumo de biomassa versus quantidade e ponderação dos vários combustíveis líquidos produzidos
Através do simulador obtiveram-se produções de combustíveis líqudos no valor de 54, 126 e 27 litros/h respetivamente em gasolina, gasóleo e querosene (jetfuel). Considerando uma produção equivalente ao simulador e o consumo de gasóleo biocombustível em cerca de 14% do seu valor atual, resulta na necessidade de abastecimento de 778.072 m3 em biocombustível, pelo que uma fabrica BTL com dimensão equivalente ao simulador (100 ton/dia de biomassa) garante 0.051% deste valor se funcionar nas condições indicadas (220 dias/ano com 18horas/dia) ou cerca de 0.14% numa base 24/7 e 365 dias.
The need to overcome energy dependence in the European Union and in particular in the field of liquid fuels through the use of endogenous renewable sources has introduced a marked demand for new technologies in which the production of biomass-to-liquid biofuels using synthesis of Fischer-Tropsch is a technology of considerable interest. Based on successful cases such as SASOL or SHELL that integrate the Fischer-Tropsch process in the production of hydrocarbons from coal and natural gas it becomes natural to replace these energy bases with biomass given the abundance of this in most countries of Europe and implicitly a unique contribution to the reduction of greenhouse gases which fits perfectly into the next 2020-2030 program. The purpose of this Master's thesis is to implement in Hysys a simulation program for a production of liquid hydrocarbons from the biomass using as reference two industrial units Varnamo, Sweden as the Gasifier and Gussing, Austria as a heterogeneous catalytic reactor combining them with each other and adjusting the simulation program to the technical characteristics of each installation. The Syngas current and the hydrocarbon production profile of the simulator will be compared with the production characteristics of the reference industries, which will allow to evaluate if the simulation program is adjusted to the reality and what the operating conditions of the reactors that allow to extrapolate a ratio of biomass consumption versus quantity and weight of the various liquid fuels produced. Productions of liquid fuels of 54, 126 and 27 liters/h were obtained respectively in gasoline, gas oil and kerosene (jetfuel). Considering a production equivalent to the simulator, a consumption of biofuel diesel at about 14% of its current value, results in the need to supply 778,072 m3 in biofuel, so that a BTL factory with a dimension equivalent to the simulator (100 ton/dia of biomass) guarantees 0.051% of this value if it works in the indicated conditions (220 days/year with 18 h/day) or about 0.14% on a 24/7 basis and 365 days.
The need to overcome energy dependence in the European Union and in particular in the field of liquid fuels through the use of endogenous renewable sources has introduced a marked demand for new technologies in which the production of biomass-to-liquid biofuels using synthesis of Fischer-Tropsch is a technology of considerable interest. Based on successful cases such as SASOL or SHELL that integrate the Fischer-Tropsch process in the production of hydrocarbons from coal and natural gas it becomes natural to replace these energy bases with biomass given the abundance of this in most countries of Europe and implicitly a unique contribution to the reduction of greenhouse gases which fits perfectly into the next 2020-2030 program. The purpose of this Master's thesis is to implement in Hysys a simulation program for a production of liquid hydrocarbons from the biomass using as reference two industrial units Varnamo, Sweden as the Gasifier and Gussing, Austria as a heterogeneous catalytic reactor combining them with each other and adjusting the simulation program to the technical characteristics of each installation. The Syngas current and the hydrocarbon production profile of the simulator will be compared with the production characteristics of the reference industries, which will allow to evaluate if the simulation program is adjusted to the reality and what the operating conditions of the reactors that allow to extrapolate a ratio of biomass consumption versus quantity and weight of the various liquid fuels produced. Productions of liquid fuels of 54, 126 and 27 liters/h were obtained respectively in gasoline, gas oil and kerosene (jetfuel). Considering a production equivalent to the simulator, a consumption of biofuel diesel at about 14% of its current value, results in the need to supply 778,072 m3 in biofuel, so that a BTL factory with a dimension equivalent to the simulator (100 ton/dia of biomass) guarantees 0.051% of this value if it works in the indicated conditions (220 days/year with 18 h/day) or about 0.14% on a 24/7 basis and 365 days.
Description
Trabalho final de mestrado para a obtenção de grau de mestre em Engenharia Química e Biológica
Keywords
Biomassa Biomass Biocombustíveis Biofuels Fischer-Tropsch Gussing Produção de hidrocarbonetos líquidos Liquid hydrocarbon production Simulação Hysys Hysys simulation Programa 2030 2030 Program Varnamo
Citation
SANTOS, José Agostinho Pinto dos - Simulação em produção de biocombustíveis via BTL. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2018. Dissertação de mestrado.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa