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Validation of binocular vision and ocular surface assessment tools in digital eye strain syndrome: the DESIROUS study

2025-04Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorBarata, Maria João
dc.contributor.authorAguiar, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorGrzybowski, Andrzej
dc.contributor.authorLança, Carla
dc.contributor.authorjMoreira-Rosário, André
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-04T14:09:04Z
dc.date.available2025-06-04T14:09:04Z
dc.date.issued2025-04
dc.description.abstractBackground: To understand if binocular vision disorders are associated with Digital Eye Strain Syndrome (DESS), a study protocol is needed to ensure consistency across observational studies. This study aims to test the feasibility of a protocol to assess DESS, screen time, binocular vision, and dry eye. Methods: DESIROUS is an observational cross-sectional study among Polytechnic students at the Lisbon School of Health Technology, Portugal. The protocol includes three questionnaires (Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire [CVS-Q], Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey [CISS], and Dry Eye Questionnaire version 5 [DEQ-5]), an assessment of visual acuity and binocular vision (cover test for near and distance, stereopsis, near point convergence (NPC), near point accommodation (NPA), accommodative facility, vergence), and the ocular surface break-up tear (BUT) test. The questionnaires were validated using Cronbach’s alpha. Interobserver variability for BUT was assessed using Cohen’s Kappa, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and Bland–Altman analysis involving three observers (A, B, and C), compared against an expert as the gold standard. Results: A total of 18 students were included in the validation phase (mean age: 21.50 ± 0.62 years; females: 77.8%). The internal consistency of the CVS-Q (α = 0.773) and the CISS (α = 0.756) was considered good, while the DEQ-5 showed a reasonable internal consistency (α = 0.594). Observer A had the highest agreement with the gold standard (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.710 and p < 0.001; ICC = 0.924, p < 0.001). Conclusions: We provide a protocol to assess binocular vision and the ocular surface, with an emphasis on objective measures while integrating other assessment approaches. Further studies are necessary to validate this protocol, potentially incorporating new measures to enhance its validity across different populations.eng
dc.identifier.citationBarata MJ, Aguiar P, Grzybowski A, Lança C, Moreira-Rosário A. Validation of binocular vision and ocular surface assessment tools in digital eye strain syndrome: the DESIROUS study. J Pers Med. 2025;15(5):168.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/jpm15050168
dc.identifier.issn2075-4426
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/21902
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/15/5/168
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Personalized Medicine
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectAccommodation
dc.subjectBinocular vision
dc.subjectConvergence
dc.subjectDigital eye strain
dc.subjectOcular surface
dc.titleValidation of binocular vision and ocular surface assessment tools in digital eye strain syndrome: the DESIROUS studyeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue5
oaire.citation.startPage168
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Personalized Medicine
oaire.citation.volume15
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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