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Authors
Abstract(s)
As aplicações médicas da impressão 3D têm crescido muito rapidamente sendo esperada uma adoção generalizada em cuidados de saúde dentro de poucos anos. Em ambientes adversos a impressão 3D tem o potencial de providenciar on-site e on-demand soluções personalizadas a baixo custo. Apesar dos notáveis avanços em impressão 3D na área médica existem ainda muitos desafios tecnológicos e regulatórios para que esta tecnologia fique acessível a todas as populações. Este Trabalho Final de Mestrado teve como finalidade o estudo da fabricação de um kit de 8 instrumentos cirúrgicos por manufatura aditiva/impressão 3D para ser utilizado em ambientes adversos como catástrofes, guerra e exploração espacial. Para a criação dos instrumentos cirúrgicos pretendidos, inicialmente utilizou-se o SolidWorks, software de desenho assistido por computador (Computer assisted design, CAD), de forma a criar um modelo tridimensional dos mesmos para posterior impressão. De seguida, utilizou-se o UltiMaker Cura, software que gera código G a partir de arquivos CAD 3D, no qual se escolheu a segmentação adequada para cada um dos instrumentos cirúrgicos. Por fim, foram impressos os instrumentos através de uma impressora Anycubic Mega S. Efetuaram-se, por simulação, estudos sobre os esforços mecânicos a que os instrumentos estarão sujeitos durante uma cirurgia, dos quais se confirmou que os mesmos resistiriam às forças externas máximas. Foram exploradas técnicas de esterilização, como esterilização doméstica e desinfeção com álcool 70%. Através da esterilização doméstica com água a ferver verificou-se que 4 dos 8 instrumentos poderiam ser utilizados novamente e os restantes ficariam com deformação permanentemente impedindo-os de cumprir a sua função. Por outro lado, a desinfeção com álcool a 70% não deformou qualquer instrumento permitindo a reutilização de todos eles. Foi também estudada a usabilidade e maneabilidade dos instrumentos através de questionários aplicados a profissionais de saúde, cujo feedback foi maioritariamente positivo, afirmando que utilizariam este kit em caso de emergência.
ABSTRACT - The medical applications of 3D printing have been growing rapidly, and widespread adoption in healthcare is expected in a few years. In challenging environments, 3D printing has the potential to provide on-site, on-demand, and cost-effective personalized solutions. Despite notable advancements in 3D printing in the medical field, there are still many technological and regulatory challenges to making this technology accessible to all populations. This Thesis aimed to study the manufacturing of an 8-instrument surgical kit using additive manufacturing/3D printing for use in adverse environments such as disasters, war, and space exploration. To create the desired surgical instruments, SolidWorks, a 3D CAD software, was initially used to create a three-dimensional model of the instruments for subsequent printing. Next, UltiMaker Cura, software that generates G-code from 3D CAD files, was used to choose the appropriate slicing for each of the surgical instruments. Finally, the instruments were printed using an Anycubic Mega S printer. Studies were carried out, through simulation, on the mechanical stresses that the instruments will be subjected to during surgery, which confirmed that they would resist maximum external forces. Sterilization techniques were explored, such as home sterilization and disinfection with 70% alcohol. Through home sterilization with boiling water, it was confirmed that 4 of the 8 instruments could be used again and the rest would be too deformed to fulfill their function. On the other hand, disinfection with 70% alcohol did not deform any instrument, allowing all of them to be reused. The usability and manageability of the instruments were also studied through questionnaires applied to healthcare professionals. Their feedback was mostly positive, stating that they would use this kit in case of emergency.
ABSTRACT - The medical applications of 3D printing have been growing rapidly, and widespread adoption in healthcare is expected in a few years. In challenging environments, 3D printing has the potential to provide on-site, on-demand, and cost-effective personalized solutions. Despite notable advancements in 3D printing in the medical field, there are still many technological and regulatory challenges to making this technology accessible to all populations. This Thesis aimed to study the manufacturing of an 8-instrument surgical kit using additive manufacturing/3D printing for use in adverse environments such as disasters, war, and space exploration. To create the desired surgical instruments, SolidWorks, a 3D CAD software, was initially used to create a three-dimensional model of the instruments for subsequent printing. Next, UltiMaker Cura, software that generates G-code from 3D CAD files, was used to choose the appropriate slicing for each of the surgical instruments. Finally, the instruments were printed using an Anycubic Mega S printer. Studies were carried out, through simulation, on the mechanical stresses that the instruments will be subjected to during surgery, which confirmed that they would resist maximum external forces. Sterilization techniques were explored, such as home sterilization and disinfection with 70% alcohol. Through home sterilization with boiling water, it was confirmed that 4 of the 8 instruments could be used again and the rest would be too deformed to fulfill their function. On the other hand, disinfection with 70% alcohol did not deform any instrument, allowing all of them to be reused. The usability and manageability of the instruments were also studied through questionnaires applied to healthcare professionals. Their feedback was mostly positive, stating that they would use this kit in case of emergency.
Description
Mestrado em Engenharia Biomédica
Keywords
Impressão 3D Desenho assistido por computador Design Open source Instrumentos cirúrgicos 3D printing Computer assisted design Surgical instruments MEB
Citation
Calhau ML. Produção de Impressão 3D de instrumentos médicos: modelação, design e viabilidade [dissertation]. Lisboa: Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa/Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; 2023.
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa