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Characterization of Th2 serum immune response in acute appendicitis

2026-01-11Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Nuno
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Jani-Sofia
dc.contributor.authorCarolino, Elisabete
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorHenriques, Susana
dc.contributor.authorVaz, João
dc.contributor.authorCoelho, Hélder
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Paulo Rodrigues
dc.contributor.authorRosa, Manuel Santos
dc.contributor.authorMoita, Luís
dc.contributor.authorLuz, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Paulo Matos
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-09T17:34:39Z
dc.date.available2026-03-09T17:34:39Z
dc.date.issued2026-01-11
dc.description.abstractAcute Appendicitis (AA) is the commonest abdominal digestive surgical emergency, but its etiology is not clarified. Based on histologic observations, an allergic cause has been proposed. In a type I hypersensitivity allergic reaction, there is a Th2 immune response characterized by Th2 cells, eosinophils, basophils, IgE, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 serum elevation. Recent studies showed a local appendicular endoluminal and parietal Th2 immune response in acute phlegmonous appendicitis. We performed a prospective single-center study where we evaluated the Th2 blood immune response in 38 patients with acute phlegmonous appendicitis, 27 patients with acute gangrenous appendicitis, and 18 patients with the clinical picture of AA, who underwent appendectomy but had negative histology for AA (negative appendectomy group). Higher levels of basophils were found in phlegmonous appendicitis (p = 0.03), and higher levels of eosinophils were found in the control group (p = 0.003). Effector memory CD4 T cells re-expressing CD45RA were higher in gangrenous (p = 0.020) and central memory CD4 T cells in phlegmonous appendicitis (p = 0.004). The number of Th2 circulating cells was higher in gangrenous appendicitis (p = 0.037), while Th1 circulating cells were higher in phlegmonous appendicitis (p = 0.028). IL-4 blood concentrations were elevated in acute gangrenous appendicitis (p = 0.029). No significant differences were found in the levels of IgE, IL-5, or IL-13 in any of the groups. Thus, a Th2 response was not detected in patients’ serum with phlegmonous appendicitis. Serum levels of IgE, IL-5, and IL-13 were not different among patients with acute phlegmonous appendicitis, acute gangrenous appendicitis, and the negative appendectomy group. These findings are in contrast to our previous work in which we evaluated the Th2 response at the local level, at the appendicular luminal aspect and appendicular wall, in phlegmonous appendicitis and control groups, and we unequivocally showed a Th2 response in phlegmonous appendicitis. Thus, in patients with phlegmonous appendicitis, the local Th2 response is not reflected in the serum levels of immune cells and cytokines.eng
dc.identifier.citationCarvalho N, Almeida JS, Carolino E, Lopes F, Henriques S, Vaz J, et al. Characterization of Th2 serum immune response in acute appendicitis. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27(2):733.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijms27020733
dc.identifier.issn1422-0067
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/22704
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/2/733
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectAcute appendicitis
dc.subjectAllergy
dc.subjectBasophils
dc.subjectEosinophils
dc.subjectHumoral immune response
dc.subjectHypersensitivity type I reaction
dc.subjectIgE
dc.subjectIL-4
dc.subjectIL-5
dc.subjectIL-13
dc.subjectTh2 cells
dc.titleCharacterization of Th2 serum immune response in acute appendicitiseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue2
oaire.citation.startPage733
oaire.citation.titleInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences
oaire.citation.volume27
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameCarolino
person.givenNameElisabete
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4165-7052
relation.isAuthorOfPublication31223136-1531-4060-aec7-4d3fc8529916
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery31223136-1531-4060-aec7-4d3fc8529916

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