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Abstract(s)
O tema da segurança dos doentes tornou-se, na última década, uma questão central nas agendas de muitos países da Europa e um pouco por todo o mundo. Quando se fala em segurança dos utentes/doentes, fica-se, à partida, com a ideia de que estamos perante um conceito pragmático e bem delimitado, logo fácil de identificar, analisar e propor mudanças no sentido da sua redução, ou eliminação. No entanto, a realidade apresenta algumas particularidades que tornam difícil a sua abordagem devido, essencialmente, à complexidade das organizações de saúde, ao carácter multifactorial das situações que estão por detrás das falhas de segurança, e, não menos importante, à sensibilidade do tema. De entre as várias acções desenvolvidas pelos diferentes governos destacam-se, como denominador comum, a criação de agências especializadas para estudar e propor medidas no sentido de inverter a situação; a implementação de um sistema nacional, de carácter voluntário, de reporte de eventos adversos, promoção de uma cultura de aprendizagem, em detrimento de uma cultura de culpabilização; enfoque na análise das raízes do problema; reforço da liderança e envolvimento de todos os actores que intervêm no processo de prestação de cuidados de saúde. A segurança dos doentes constitui hoje um sério problema de saúde pública que urge dar resposta. Torna-se assim necessário identificar áreas de actuação, hierarquizar intervenções, seleccionar indicadores que permitam monitorizar e avaliar essas intervenções, em termos de efectividade e eficácia das mesmas. Ou seja, importa definir uma estratégia que constitua o quadro de referência global que possibilite integrar, articular e orientar a acção dos diversos actores envolvidos com o objectivo primordial de reduzir ao máximo a probabilidade de ocorrência de danos nos doentes e, consequentemente, contribua para a prestação de cuidados de saúde de excelência, baseada na melhor evidência disponível.
ABSTRACT - Patient safety has become a core issue for many modern healthcare systems. All healthcare systems around the world occasionally and unintentionally harm patients whom they are seeking to help. In recognition of this, patient safety has become a fundamental part of the drive to improve quality in many countries. The effects of harming a patient are widespread. There can be devastating emotional and physical consequence for patients and their families. For the staff involved too, incidents can be distressing, while members of their clinical teams can become demoralized and disaffected. Safety incidents also incur costs through litigation and extra treatment. Patient safety is nowadays a serious problem of public health, with several implications in different clinical areas and level of care. It is crucial to establish priorities, hierarchy's interventions and engaged all stakeholders who are involved in this big issue. In other words, it is important to define a strategy that could reflect a global framework, which allows us to integrate, articulate and be actors action-oriented, with the final aim of reducing the possibilities to harm patients. Consequently, these could contribute for a health care delivery of excellence and based on the best evidence. In the last few years, several studies have estimated that around 4% to 17% of patients have experienced an adverse event and that up to half of these incidents could have been prevented. Many of them have also shown that the best way of reducing error rates, is to target the underlying systems failures, rather than take actions against individual members of staff. We should recognize that healthcare will always involve risk, but that these risks can be reduced by analyzing and tackling the root causes of patient safety incidents. It is important to promote an open and fair culture and to encourage staff to report when things have gone wrong.
ABSTRACT - Patient safety has become a core issue for many modern healthcare systems. All healthcare systems around the world occasionally and unintentionally harm patients whom they are seeking to help. In recognition of this, patient safety has become a fundamental part of the drive to improve quality in many countries. The effects of harming a patient are widespread. There can be devastating emotional and physical consequence for patients and their families. For the staff involved too, incidents can be distressing, while members of their clinical teams can become demoralized and disaffected. Safety incidents also incur costs through litigation and extra treatment. Patient safety is nowadays a serious problem of public health, with several implications in different clinical areas and level of care. It is crucial to establish priorities, hierarchy's interventions and engaged all stakeholders who are involved in this big issue. In other words, it is important to define a strategy that could reflect a global framework, which allows us to integrate, articulate and be actors action-oriented, with the final aim of reducing the possibilities to harm patients. Consequently, these could contribute for a health care delivery of excellence and based on the best evidence. In the last few years, several studies have estimated that around 4% to 17% of patients have experienced an adverse event and that up to half of these incidents could have been prevented. Many of them have also shown that the best way of reducing error rates, is to target the underlying systems failures, rather than take actions against individual members of staff. We should recognize that healthcare will always involve risk, but that these risks can be reduced by analyzing and tackling the root causes of patient safety incidents. It is important to promote an open and fair culture and to encourage staff to report when things have gone wrong.
Description
Keywords
Segurança do doente Qualidade em saúde Evento adverso Estratégia em saúde Melhoria da qualidade Patient safety Quality improvement Adverse event Healthcare strategy
Citation
Sousa P. Patient safety: a necessidade de uma estratégia nacional. Acta Med Port. 2006;19(4):309-18.