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Assessment of decarbonization scenarios for the portuguese road sector
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Abstract
This study presents a scenario-based modeling framework to evaluate potential decarbonization pathways for Portugal’s road transport sector. The model simulates the evolution of a light-duty vehicle (LDV) fleet under varying degrees of electrification and biofuel integration, accounting for energy consumption, CO2 emissions and market shares of alternative propulsion technologies. Coupled with projected energy mix trajectories, the framework estimates final energy demand and well-to-wheel (WTW) emissions for each scenario, benchmarking outcomes against national and European climate targets. A key structural limitation identified is the long vehicle survival rate—averaging 14 years—which constrains fleet renewal and delays the transition to full electrification. Diesel-powered light commercial vehicles exhibit even slower replacement dynamics, rendering the Portuguese targets of full electrification by 2030 highly improbable without targeted scrappage and incentive programs. Scenario analysis indicates that even with accelerated electric vehicle (EV) uptake, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) would comprise only 12% of the fleet by 2030 and 77% by 2050. Electrification scenario raises electricity demand fortyfold by 2050, stressing generation and infrastructure. Scenarios that consider diversification of energy sources reduce this strain but require triple electricity for large-scale green hydrogen and synthetic fuel production.
Descrição
This work was carried out within the scope of the project BE.Neutral–Mobility Agenda for Carbon Neutrality in Cities (contract no. 35) funded by the Plano de Recuperação e Resiliência (PRR) through the European Union’s Next Generation EU programme. The authors also acknowledge the financial support of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through LARSyS (project UIDB/50009/2025).
Palavras-chave
Road transport decarbonization Scenario-based modeling Electric mobility Alternative fuels UIDB/50009/2025
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Salvador, J., Duarte, G. O., & Baptista, P. C. (2025). Assessment of decarbonization scenarios for the portuguese road sector. Energies, 18(24), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246587
Editora
MDPI