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- Durability of the adhesion between bituminous coatings and self-protection mineral granules of waterproofing membranesPublication . Marques, J. A.; Lopes, Jorge; Correia, J. R.Flat roofs in current buildings include a waterproofing system, often made of bituminous membranes with a self-protection constituted by mineral granules. These granules constitute the barrier against the fundamental environmental agent of degradation, the UV radiation. Therefore it is of paramount importance to understand the long-term performance of the self-protection layer, namely its adhesion to the coatings of bituminous membranes. This paper presents an experimental study on the behaviour of the self-protection granule of bituminous membranes when subjected to environmental agents of degradation. Different types of atactic polypropylene (APP) and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified bituminous membranes, comprising different finishing systems, were exposed to the effects of elevated temperature and water for up to 24 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively. Following accelerated ageing, specimens of the different types of membranes were subjected to brushing tests, carried out according to EN 12039, in order to evaluate the adhesion of the self-protection granules. The results obtained in this study, which are compared with performance limits recommended by UEAtc directives, show that the higher loss of self-protection granule of bituminous membranes occurs in membranes modified by APP polymers. In addition, it was concluded that the effect of water is much more severe than that of elevated temperature.
- The effect of wind suction on flat roofs: An experimental and analytical study of mechanically fastened waterproofing systemsPublication . Silva, R. R.; Lopes, Jorge; Correia, J. R.Presently, mechanically fastened waterproofing systems are widely used in large roofs, mostly in industrial and commercial buildings. This paper presents a study of this constructive system that included the analysis of the mechanisms of response to wind loads and the effects of the different components on the system’s wind resistance. Wind up lift tests were performed on mechanically fastened waterproofing systems, according to the guideline for European technical approval (ETAG 006), in order to evaluate the influence of both the thermal insulation thickness (from 40 mm to 100 mm) and the characteristics of the atactic polypropylene (APP) modified bitumen waterproofing membranes (different constitutions, single/double layer) on the resistance to wind up lift. All tested mock-ups failed due to peeling of the overlapping membranes. Within the range of analysed systems, the thickness of the thermal insulation and the characteristics of the waterproofing membranes did not present a noticeable effect on the resistance of the tested mock-ups. Results obtained in the experimental tests were compared to other results gathered from European technical approvals. Additionally, results were used to define the field of application of the tested systems to a National level, based on the wind loads defined in the Portuguese code and the design procedure presented in Eurocode 1 and ETAG 006.