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- SWHORD simulator: A platform to evaluate energy transition targets in future energy systems with increasing renewable generation, electric vehicles, storage technologies, and hydrogen systemsPublication . Sousa, Jorge A. M.; Lagarto, João; Carvalho, Ezequiel; Martins, AnaThis paper presents the simulation platform SWHORD, specially designed for the analysis of future energy systems under energy transition targets. The model is implemented in GAMS as a cost minimization mixed integer programming problem of a hydro-thermal power system, which includes high penetration of non-dispatchable renewable generation, storage technologies, electric vehicles, and hydrogen systems. Simulations are performed on an hourly basis for one year of operation, enabling the evaluation of both short-term dynamics and the seasonal behaviour of the system and including the hourly power generation profile by technology, fuel and emission costs, CO2 emissions and storage levels, as well as the renewable curtailment needed to balance the system. The model was validated by backtesting with historical data of the Portuguese power system and, from a comprehensive statistical analysis of the dispatchable generation, it is concluded that the simulation results present a good fit with the real data. An illustrative use case is presented to evaluate the consistency of the Portuguese targets for 2030. Simulation results put in evidence the advantages of the SWHORD simulator to study the complex interactions among the new drivers of future energy systems, such as electric vehicles, storage technologies, and hydrogen systems.
- Multi-market optimal scheduling of a power generation portfolio with a price-maker pumped-storage hydro unitPublication . Lagarto, João; Fernandes, Filipe; Sousa, Jorge A. M.; Santana, JoãoThe increasing integration of renewables in the energy markets has been raising some challenges to generating companies (GENCOs), in terms of operation and planning of their generation portfolios. A GENCO aiming at maximizing its profits has to deal with offers to several available markets, among which are the Day-ahead Market (DAM) and the Secondary Reserve Market (SRM). This paper presents a scheduling solution of a price-maker GENCO whose portfolio includes a pumped-storage hydro unit, acting simultaneously in the DAM and SRM. The results were obtained for six different scenarios, where the portfolio may include a thermal generation unit and compares the GENCO behavior in both markets either as a price-taker or as a price-maker. The results put in evidence the portfolio effect when the GENCO takes into account its influence on price, which is seen in the price-maker scenarios, whereas the scheduling remains unchanged under the price-taker behavior.
- Scheduling of a pumped-storage hydro in the day-ahead market and in the secondary reserve marketPublication . Fernandes, Filipe; Sousa, Jorge A. M.; Santana, João; Lagarto, JoãoThe increasing integration of wind power in the Portuguese energy market has been raising some challenges in terms of operation and planning of the generation portfolio and of power system management, with ancillary services playing a major role in system stability. A generation company (GENCO) aiming at maximizing its profits has to deal with bids to several available markets, among which are the Day-ahead Market (DAM) and the Secondary Reserve Market (SRM). This paper presents a scheduling solution of a price-maker GENCO whose portfolio comprises a pumped-storage hydro (PSH) unit with variable pumping capacity, acting simultaneously in the DAM and SRM. The results were obtained for four different scenarios, where the PSH may or may not possess variable pumping capacity and compares the PSH behavior in one or both markets simultaneously. The model was implemented in General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) as a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) using CPLEX solver.