Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2022-08-03"
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- Ternary blends for self-compacting mortars production composed by electric arc furnace dust and other industrial by-productsPublication . Lopez-Uceda, Antonio; Cantador, David; Raposeiro Da Silva, Pedro; De Brito, Jorge; Fernandez Rodriguez, Jose Maria; Jimenez, Jose RamonThis study is framed within the circular economy model through the valorisation of industrial by-products. This research shows the results of producing self-compacting mortars (SCMs) with electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) and other industrial by-products such as fly ash, conforming (FA) or not conforming (NcFA), from coal-fired power plants, or recovery filler (RF) from hot-mix asphalt plants. Three batches of SCMs, each with one industrial-by product (FA, NcFA, or RF), and three levels of EAFD ratio incorporation (0%, 10%, 20%), were tested. An extra batch with a greater amount of FA was manufactured. When the incorporation ratio of EAFD rose, the mechanical strength decreased, due to the presence of a calcium zinc hydroxide dihydrate phase; nevertheless, this decrease diminished over time. All SCM mixes, except the 40C 40FA 20 EAFD mix, were above 20 MPa at 28 days. All mixes named 70C and 40C reached 40 and 30 MPa, respectively, at 90 days. Mixes with EAFD showed less capillarity and no difference in water absorption by immersion with respect to mixes without EAFD after 91 days. The SCMs designed proved to be stable in terms of leaching of the heavy metals contained in EAFD, where all the hardened SCMs were classified as inert.
- Automatic backhaul planning for 5G Open RAN Networks based on MNO DataPublication . Marques, Beatriz; Parracho, Diogo; Sousa, Marco; Vieira, Pedro; Queluz, M. Paula; Rodrigues, A.The Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for the 5th Generation (5G) services are ambitious and broad, particularly for the latency targets. To cover those, a flexible and cost-efficient Radio Access Network (RAN) is essential as proposed by the Open-RAN (O-RAN) concept. In addition, the deployment of O-RAN 5G networks can be expedited by considering network access, aggregation, and core locations of legacy technologies, where physical requisites as power supply, fiber optic links, and others are already met. With this in mind, this paper extends previous simulation work that proposed a radio network planning algorithm for 5G Millimeter Wave (mmWave) small cells to O-RAN-based networks. The backhaul planning algorithm considers both the 5G/O-RAN QoS constraints, a real 4th Generation (4G) network topology, and the respective Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) from a Mobile Network Operator (MNO) as the foundation to plan an O-RAN compliant backhaul network. Our findings identified that the latency of current networks is greatly determined by the network load. In the utmost case, comparing the network baseline and busy hour KPIs, the baseline planned O-RAN network requires 7%of the equivalent busy hour network nodes. This approach has the potential to help MNOs to outline an enlightened strategy, minimizing Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and augmenting QoS towards upgrading legacy networks to O-RAN 5G networks.