Percorrer por autor "Pinheiro, A. C."
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- Estudo de comunidades fúngicas em arquivos: implicações na conservação e na saúdePublication . Pinheiro, A. C.; Viegas, Carla; Jurado, V.; Sabino, Raquel; Veríssimo, Carlos; Rosado, Laura; Macedo, M. F.A influência da contaminação fúngica para a saúde ambiental e para a conservação do património é o tema premente e actual que suscitou a hipótese de estudo aqui apresentada. Os fungos, dada a sua extrema capacidade de adaptação, podem colonizar diversos materiais - orgânicos ou não - e a sua acção pode ser mecânica, por intermédio das suas hifas, ou química, através dos seus metabolitos. Em termos de conservação do património, os estudos sobre fungos têm suscitado grande interesse dada a sua elevada capacidade de biodeterioração. Tendo inicialmente assentado em técnicas tradicionais de cultura, os estudos mais recentes já incluem tecnicas modernas de biologia molecular. O estudo aqui apresentado utiliza ambas as técnicas: a convencional, recorrendo a meios de cultura específicos para o crescimento de fungos e a mais recente, utilizando o DNA fúngico e a amplificação genómica dos mesmos para conseguir identificá-los até ao nível da espécie. Para conseguir realizar este intuito, foi desenvolvida a aplicação da recente técnica de cromatografia líquida desnaturante de alta resolução (DHPLC) à análise de amostras complexas de fungos filamentosos e leveduriformes.
- Indoor air quality in Portuguese archives: a snapshot on exposure levelsPublication . Pinheiro, A. C.; Viegas, Carla; Viegas, Susana; Veríssimo, C.; Brandão, J.; Macedo, M. F.Indoor air quality recently entered legislation in Portugal. Several parameters must be evaluated and kept within limits in order to obtain a certification for air quality and energy consumption. Certification parameters were analyzed in two Portuguese archives in order to assess indoor air quality both for people attending or working on these premises and for maintenance of a written heritage that must be retained for future generations. Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), formaldehyde, and fungal counts were kept within stipulated limits. Relative humidity (RH), volatile organic compounds (VOC), particulate matter (PM10), and ozone (O3) showed values above legislated levels and justified the implementation of corrective measures. In terms of conservation, studies on the limit values are still needed, but according to the available international guidelines, some of the analyzed parameters such as PM10, O3, and RH were also above desirable values. Corrective measures were proposed to these institutions. Although this study was only of a short duration, it proved valuable in assessing potential eventual problems and constitutes the first Portuguese indoor air quality assessment taking into consideration both aspects of an archive such as human health and heritage safekeeping.
- Mould and yeast identification in archival settings: preliminary results on the use of traditional methods and molecular biology options in Portuguese archivesPublication . Pinheiro, A. C.; Macedo, M. F.; Jurado, V.; Saiz-Jimenez, C.; Viegas, Carla; Brandão, J.; Rosado, L.This project was developed to fully assess the indoor air quality in archives and libraries from a fungal flora point of view. It uses classical methodologies such as traditional culture media – for the viable fungi – and modern molecular biology protocols, especially relevant to assess the non-viable fraction of the biological contaminants. Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) has emerged as an alternative to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and has already been applied to the study of a few bacterial communities. We propose the application of DHPLC to the study of fungal colonization on paper-based archive materials. This technology allows for the identification of each component of a mixture of fungi based on their genetic variation. In a highly complex mixture of microbial DNA this method can be used simply to study the population dynamics, and it also allows for sample fraction collection, which can, in many cases, be immediately sequenced, circumventing the need for cloning. Some examples of the methodological application are shown. Also applied is fragment length analysis for the study of mixed Candida samples. Both of these methods can later be applied in various fields, such as clinical and sand sample analysis. So far, the environmental analyses have been extremely useful to determine potentially pathogenic/toxinogenic fungi such as Stachybotrys sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Fusarium sp. This work will hopefully lead to more accurate evaluation of environmental conditions for both human health and the preservation of documents.
- Risk analysis in a Portuguese archive what has changed in five years?Publication . Pinheiro, A. C.; Moura, L.; Sequeira, Sílvia; Viegas, Carla; Viegas, Susana; Macedo, M. F.The Cultural Property Risk Analysis Model was applied in 2006 to a Portuguese archive located in Lisbon. Its results highlighted the need for the institution to take care of risks related to fire, physical forces and relative humidity problems. Five years after this first analysis the results are revisited and a few changes are introduced due to recent events: fire and high humidity remain an important hazard but are now accompanied by a pressing contaminants problem. Improvements in storage systems were responsible for a large decrease in terms of calculated risk magnitude and proved to be very cost-effective.