Browsing by Author "Nogueira, Ana"
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- Biomonitorização da exposição profissional ao crómio hexavalente: contributo para proposta de valores-limite biológicosPublication . Pinhal, Hermínia; Nogueira, Ana; Santos, Sílvia; Ribeiro, Edna; Ladeira, Carina; Viegas, SusanaO crómio hexavalente (Cr(VI)) é um agente cancerígeno para o ser humano, estando na origem de cancro no pulmão. As indústrias em que ocorre exposição ao Cr (VI) incluem a produção, utilização e soldadura de metais e ligas contendo crómio. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os resultados de monitorização ambiental e biológica da exposição profissional ao Cr (VI) no âmbito da participação portuguesa na Iniciativa Europeia de Biomonitorização Humana (HBM4EU). O estudo envolveu 50 trabalhadores expostos a Cr (VI) e 27 controlos. Realizou-se monitorização ambiental, por amostragem pessoal do ar, para estudar a exposição a Cr (VI) e monitorização biológica (urina e eritrócitos). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo sugerem que os pintores são o grupo com maior exposição externa e interna ao Cr (VI). Os trabalhadores dos banhos eletrolíticos apresentam uma exposição relevante, quando comparada com o valor limite de exposição de 0,005 mg/m3 apesar de consideravelmente inferior à dos pintores. Os resultados das medições de Cr-U pós-turno, quando agregados ao nível do grupo profissional apresentaram boa correlação (ρ=0,63) com a fração respirável de Cr (VI) no ar, apoiando a utilização do Cr-U para a biomonitorização da exposição ao Cr (VI) nos locais de trabalho. A diferente cinética dos indicadores biológicos estudados pode ser a razão pela qual não se verificou uma boa correlação entre Cr-U pós-turno e Cr-RBC (ρ<0,5), no entanto podem fornecer informação complementar relevante para a prevenção.
- Exames de ressonância magnética em utentes claustrofóbicos: identificação de estratégias facilitadorasPublication . Nogueira, Ana; Fialho, Rita; Ribeiro, Margarida; Grilo, Ana MonteiroA claustrofobia definida como o medo de permanecer em espaços fechados provoca, devido às características físicas da maioria dos equipamentos, um enorme desconforto àqueles que necessitam de realizar exames de Ressonância Magnética (RM). Até 37% dos utentes que realizam exames de RM podem experienciar moderados a elevados níveis de ansiedade, sendo que 5 a 10% destes não o consegue concluir devido à claustrofobia, contribuindo assim para o insucesso do exame e inerentes consequências para o diagnóstico e/ou seguimento clínico. Objectivo do estudo - Contribuir para maximizar a taxa de sucesso de exames de RM em utentes claustrofóbicos.
- HBM4EU chromates study: overall results and recommendations for the biomonitoring of occupational exposure to hexavalent chromiumPublication . Santonen, Tiina; Porras, Simo P.; Bocca, Beatrice; Bousoumah, Radia; Duca, Radu Corneliu; Galea, Karen S.; Godderis, Lode; Göen, Thomas; Hardy, Emilie; Iavicoli, Ivo; Janasik, Beata; Jones, Kate; Leese, Elizabeth; Leso, Veruscka; Louro, Henriqueta; Majery, Nicole; Ndaw, Sophie; Pinhal, Hermínia; Ruggieri, Flavia; Silva, Maria J.; van Nieuwenhuyse, An; Verdonck, Jelle; Viegas, Susana; Wasowicz, Wojciech; Sepai, Ovnair; Scheepers, Paul T.J.; Aimonen, Kukka; Antoine, Guillaume; Anzion, Rob; Burgart, Manuella; Castaño, Argelia; Cattaneo, Andrea; Cavallo, Domenico Maria; De Palma, Giuseppe; Denis, Flavien; Gambelunghe, Angela; Gomes, Bruno; Hanser, Ogier; Helenius, Riikka; Ladeira, Carina; López, Marta Esteban; Lovreglio, Piero; Marsan, Philippe; Melczer, Mathieu; Nogueira, Ana; Pletea, Elisabeta; Poels, Katrien; Remes, Jouko; Ribeiro, Edna; Santos, Sílvia Reis; Schaefers, Françoise; Spankie, Sally; Spoek, Robert; Rizki, Mohamed; Rousset, Davy; van Dael, Maurice; Veijalainen, HennaExposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] may occur in several occupational activities, e.g., welding, Cr(VI) electroplating, and other surface treatment processes. The aim of this study was to provide EU-relevant data on occupational Cr(VI) exposure to support the regulatory risk assessment and decision-making. In addition, the capability and validity of different biomarkers for the assessment of Cr(VI) exposure were evaluated. The study involved nine European countries and involved 399 workers in different industry sectors with exposures to Cr(VI) such as welding, bath plating, applying or removing paint, and other tasks. We also studied 203 controls to establish a background in workers with no direct exposure to Cr(VI). We applied a cross-sectional study design and used chromium in urine as the primary biomonitoring method for Cr(VI) exposure. Additionally, we studied the use of red blood cells (RBC) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) for biomonitoring of exposure to Cr(VI). Personal measurements were used to study exposure to inhalable and respirable Cr(VI) by personal air sampling. Dermal exposure was studied by taking hand wipe samples. The highest internal exposures were observed in the use of Cr(VI) in electrolytic bath plating. In stainless steel welding, the internal Cr exposure was clearly lower when compared to plating activities. We observed a high correlation between chromium urinary levels and air Cr(VI) or dermal total Cr exposure. Urinary chromium showed its value as a first approach for the assessment of total, internal exposure. Correlations between urinary chromium and Cr(VI) in EBC and Cr in RBC were low, probably due to differences in kinetics and indicating that these biomonitoring approaches may not be interchangeable but rather complementary. This study showed that occupational biomonitoring studies can be conducted successfully by multi-national collaboration and provide relevant information to support policy actions aiming to reduce occupational exposure to chemicals.
- HBM4EU chromates study: the Portuguese integrated and harmonized study on exposure to hexavalent chromium and related early effectsPublication . Viegas, Susana; Martins, Carla; Ribeiro, Edna; Ladeira, Carina; Pinhal, Hermínia; Nogueira, Ana; Santos, Sílvia; Tavares, Ana; Gomes, Bruno Costa; Afonso, Catarina Maia; Louro, Henriqueta; Silva, Maria JoãoIn the scope of the European Union (EU) human biomonitoring initiative, a multicentric study on different occupational settings from several European countries was performed, to provide information on occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], a known lung carcinogen. Biomonitoring approaches were used to obtain exposure data to support the implementation of new risk management measures and policy actions at the national and European levels. This work describes the Portuguese contribution to the study, which aimed to assess workers' exposure to Cr, by using exposure biomarkers (urinary chromium [U-Cr]), and industrial hygiene samples (air and hand wipes) and to link exposure to potential long-term health effects by using effect biomarkers. Exposure determinants influencing exposure were explored from the contextual information and human biomonitoring data. The ultimate goal of the study was to appraise the risk management measures contributing to minimizing exposure and protecting workers' health. Several occupational settings and activities were considered, including plating, welding, and painting. A control group from the Portuguese general population was also included. Data on age, sex, and smoking habits from both groups were considered in the statistical analysis. Information on the risk management measures available for workers was collected and used to identify the ones that mainly contributed to reducing exposure. Environmental monitoring and human biomonitoring revealed that painters were the highest exposed group. The use of respiratory protection equipment showed an influence on total U-Cr levels for workers involved in painting activities. Concerning early health effects, the painters presented also a significantly higher level of DNA and chromosomal damage in peripheral blood cells, as compared to the control group, suggesting a plausible association between exposure to Cr(VI) and early genotoxic effects. The results showed that workers are exposed to Cr(VI) in those occupational settings. These findings point to the need to improve the prevention and risk management measures and the implementation and enforcement of new regulatory actions at the national level.