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Resumo(s)
Nos últimos anos, a união internacional dos caminhos de ferro (UIC) e outras entidades competentes iniciaram os trabalhos no sentido de desenvolver uma nova norma de comunicações móveis ferroviárias, designada por Future Railway Mobile Communications System (FRMCS). Os trabalhos relativos ao FRMCS encontram-se a
decorrer, sendo que o calendário prevê que apenas em 2025 sejam finalizados os diversos documentos normativos, que definem os diferentes aspetos, designadamente em termos de arquitetura, requisitos e espectro.
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo estudar os diversos aspetos relativos à aplicabilidade da tecnologia 5G ao suporte das comunicações ferroviárias (cobertura e capacidade). Existem até agora dois tipos de abordagem para a tecnologia de acesso rádio: o 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) ou 5G NR (New Radio), ambas as tecnologias utilizam OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) e numa fase inicial estes
requisitos têm que acompanhar os requisitos do GSM-R.
O trabalho desenvolvido inclui um simulador, que tem em conta as novas frequências de operação, simula um modelo de propagação que está testado empiricamente para essas bandas, com a atenuação proveniente do modelo é possível fazer cálculos de cobertura e, posteriormente, da capacidade baseada em 5G NR. Como forma de avaliar a aplicabilidade do simulador, foram utilizados dados de duas linhas ferroviárias nacionais: linha de Cascais e linha do Oeste.Os resultados finais registados para o FRCMS, comprovam a necessidade de criar especificações mais independentes possíveis da tecnologia de suporte, aumentando a oferta comercial por parte de fornecedores e permitindo a reutilização da infraestrutura física utilizada no GSM-R, diminuindo assim custos inerentes à construção de novas torres.
In recent years, the International Railway Union (UIC) and other competent bodies have started work on developing a new standard for mobile railway communications, known as the Future Railway Mobile Communications System (FRMCS). Work on the FRMCS is underway, and the timetable foresees that only in 2025 will the various normative documents be finalized, which define the different aspects, namely in terms of architecture, requirements, and spectrum. This dissertation aims to study the various aspects related to the applicability of 5G technology to support railway communications (coverage and capacity). So far, there are two types of approach to radio access technology: 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) or 5G NR (New Radio), both technologies use OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and at an early stage these requirements must keep pace with GSM-R requirements. The work developed includes a simulator, which considers the new operating frequencies, simulates a propagation model that is empirically tested for these bands, and the attenuation coming from the model is possible to make calculations of coverage and, later, of capacity based in 5G NR. To assess the applicability of the simulator, data from two national railway lines were used: the Cascais line and the Oeste line. The results recorded for the FRCMS prove the need to create specifications that are as independent as possible from the supporting technology, increasing the commercial offer of suppliers and allowing the reuse of the physical infrastructure used in GSM-R, thus reducing the costs inherent to construction of new towers.
In recent years, the International Railway Union (UIC) and other competent bodies have started work on developing a new standard for mobile railway communications, known as the Future Railway Mobile Communications System (FRMCS). Work on the FRMCS is underway, and the timetable foresees that only in 2025 will the various normative documents be finalized, which define the different aspects, namely in terms of architecture, requirements, and spectrum. This dissertation aims to study the various aspects related to the applicability of 5G technology to support railway communications (coverage and capacity). So far, there are two types of approach to radio access technology: 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) or 5G NR (New Radio), both technologies use OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and at an early stage these requirements must keep pace with GSM-R requirements. The work developed includes a simulator, which considers the new operating frequencies, simulates a propagation model that is empirically tested for these bands, and the attenuation coming from the model is possible to make calculations of coverage and, later, of capacity based in 5G NR. To assess the applicability of the simulator, data from two national railway lines were used: the Cascais line and the Oeste line. The results recorded for the FRCMS prove the need to create specifications that are as independent as possible from the supporting technology, increasing the commercial offer of suppliers and allowing the reuse of the physical infrastructure used in GSM-R, thus reducing the costs inherent to construction of new towers.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado para Obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia
Eletrónica e Telecomunicações
Palavras-chave
Comunicações ferroviárias OFDM Planeamento 5G NR Railway communications Planning
Contexto Educativo
Citação
SUSANO, Ana Beatriz Rodrigues – Análise de desempenho do Future Railway Mobile Communications System. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2021. Dissertação de Mestrado.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa