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Authors
Abstract(s)
O conforto térmico é um factor cada vez mais importante na sociedade actual. É utilizado como um critério para avaliar o bem-estar dos seres Humanos, quer estejam no trabalho, em casa, em transportes públicos ou privados, e em muitas outras actividades interiores. Nos dias de hoje é considerado indispensável ao longo de todo o ano.
O presente relatório reflecte o trabalho desenvolvido ao longo do estágio curricular realizado na empresa Comboios de Portugal, E.P.E. (CP), o qual permitiu fazer a ligação com os conhecimentos teóricos adquiridos ao longo do Mestrado, assim como a consolidação dos conhecimentos relativos à temática de aquecimento, ventilação e ar condicionado (AVAC) e qualidade do ar interior (QAI).
Na primeira parte do estágio o trabalho desenvolvido visou a identificação da solução mais adequada de um sistema AVAC para o edifício da CP situado em Santa Apolónia, Lisboa. Foi efectuado um levantamento detalhado das características de construção do edifício, com vista ao cálculo das potências envolvidas. Com base nos resultados, a solução encontrada foi o sistema de Volume de Refrigerante Variável (VRV), o qual foi dimensionado através de dois softwares de diferentes marcas de equipamento, a fim de permitir a comparação entre dois sistemas. Adicionalmente, foram efectuados dois casos de estudo relativos à reabilitação de sistemas split existentes em edifícios da CP incluindo os respectivos custos.
Na segunda parte do estágio, foi possível conhecer o material circulante que a CP detém, incluindo uma breve discussão dos sistemas de climatização nos comboios. Relativamente à QAI, e uma vez que não existem normas/directivas que se apliquem especificamente aos comboios, propõe-se que os parâmetros para o ar interior em edifícios se apliquem no material circulante. Finalmente, foram identificados os métodos para a realização de ensaios no interior dos comboios, relativamente à medição da temperatura, da humidade relativa e da velocidade do ar, assim como dos componentes do ar que, em elevadas concentrações, podem ser prejudiciais para a saúde.
Em suma, o trabalho realizado contribui com propostas para a melhoria do conforto térmico e da saúde, em particular das pessoas que trabalham ou utilizam as instalações ou comboios da CP.
Thermal comfort is an increasingly important factor for society. It is used as a criteria to assess the wellness of humans, whether they are at work, at home, at a shopping centre, or traveling by public or private transportation, or in many other indoor activities. Nowadays it is considered essential throughout the whole year. This report reflects the work developed during the curricular internship at the Portuguese trains company, Comboios de Portugal (CP), E.P.E., which allowed to link the theoretical knowledge obtained during the Master Course with its practical use. It also allowed to consolidate the academic learning related to the themes of heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) and of indoor air quality. The work developed during the first part of the internship aimed at identifying the best solution of an HVAC system for the CP building located at Santa Apolónia, Lisboa. The approach that was followed started with detailed surveys about the construction characteristics of the building, that allowed to compute the HVAC power needed for each room/office. Based on the results and follow-up discussion, the solution found pointed to a Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) system, that was dimensioned with two different software packages. Additionally, two study cases were made regarding the renovation of the “split” systems existing in various CP buildings, involving the respective costs. The second part of the internship was dedicated to learn about the CP trains and their equipment, which included a brief discussion of the air conditioning systems in the trains. Regarding the indoor air quality, and since there are no specific standards/guidelines for the trains, it was proposed that the parameters used for buildings be applicable to air quality inside the trains. Finally, the procedures for the measurement of air temperature, relative humidity and air speed inside the trains, were identified, as well as the procedures for the control of the air components that are harmful above certain limits. In summary, the results of this work may contribute with proposals for the improvement of people’s thermal comfort and health, particularly of those who work at or use CP’s buildings and trains.
Thermal comfort is an increasingly important factor for society. It is used as a criteria to assess the wellness of humans, whether they are at work, at home, at a shopping centre, or traveling by public or private transportation, or in many other indoor activities. Nowadays it is considered essential throughout the whole year. This report reflects the work developed during the curricular internship at the Portuguese trains company, Comboios de Portugal (CP), E.P.E., which allowed to link the theoretical knowledge obtained during the Master Course with its practical use. It also allowed to consolidate the academic learning related to the themes of heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) and of indoor air quality. The work developed during the first part of the internship aimed at identifying the best solution of an HVAC system for the CP building located at Santa Apolónia, Lisboa. The approach that was followed started with detailed surveys about the construction characteristics of the building, that allowed to compute the HVAC power needed for each room/office. Based on the results and follow-up discussion, the solution found pointed to a Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) system, that was dimensioned with two different software packages. Additionally, two study cases were made regarding the renovation of the “split” systems existing in various CP buildings, involving the respective costs. The second part of the internship was dedicated to learn about the CP trains and their equipment, which included a brief discussion of the air conditioning systems in the trains. Regarding the indoor air quality, and since there are no specific standards/guidelines for the trains, it was proposed that the parameters used for buildings be applicable to air quality inside the trains. Finally, the procedures for the measurement of air temperature, relative humidity and air speed inside the trains, were identified, as well as the procedures for the control of the air components that are harmful above certain limits. In summary, the results of this work may contribute with proposals for the improvement of people’s thermal comfort and health, particularly of those who work at or use CP’s buildings and trains.
Description
Trabalho final de mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Keywords
Climatização Air conditioning AVAC HVAC Qualidade do ar Air quality Conforto térmico Comfort VRV CP
Citation
BRITO, Bárbara Maria Colaço de - Estágio no domínio da climatização de edifícios e material circulante na CP. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2017. Dissertação de mestrado.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa