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Abstract(s)
A análise de movimento humano tem um papel importante na avaliação da cinemática e da cinética dos movimentos. Na área desportiva torna-se essencial o uso destes métodos de análise para a compreensão dos movimentos, aperfeiçoar técnicas e evitar lesões.
O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um estudo biomecânico de um remate de bola parada no futebol sem utilização de marcadores nem plataformas de forças, usando apenas câmaras de vídeo para captação de imagem. Neste estudo, o movimento foi realizado por um participante e colocaram-se duas câmaras de vídeo em diferentes perspetivas, para posteriormente serem determinados os dados cinemáticos do movimento em pontos anatómicos como pulso, cotovelo, anca, joelho e tornozelo e na bola. Foi utilizado um software de acesso livre, chamado Kinovea e no total foram realizados quinze remates.
Através dos dados obtidos pode constatar-se alguns critérios do movimento corporal que influenciam a performance do remate, como a altura máxima do tornozelo e o ângulo do joelho. Relativamente à altura máxima do tornozelo, foi possível verificar através de uma análise estatística, que esta variável influencia a velocidade da bola, ao contrário das variáveis de posicionamento do pé de apoio quer no início quer no final do remate. Já a amplitude do joelho reflete-se na velocidade atingida pelo mesmo, quando este ponto anatómico se encontra fletido ganha mais velocidade do que se tivesse em extensão. Relativamente à bola, não foi possível retirar grandes conclusões visto que o número de dados recolhidos foi bastante inferior ao pretendido. Finalmente, foi realizada uma análise inteiramente qualitativa entre as perspetivas da câmara 1 e da câmara 2. Detetou-se que, durante a performance do participante em estudo, apesar deste demonstrar um comportamento bastante similar a um jogador profissional, necessitaria de aperfeiçoar a técnica do arco de tensão para obter melhores resultados.
Desta forma, pode-se concluir que com esta metodologia é possível realizar um estudo biomecânico do movimento humano, não só a nível desportivo para instruir atletas sobre os seus erros e técnicas para otimizar a sua performance, mas como em outras áreas.
The analysis of human movement has an important role in the evaluation of the kinematics and kinetics of movement. In sports, it is essential to use these methods of analysis for the movement execution, technique improvement and to avoid injuries. The aim of this thesis is to carry out a biomechanical study of a set-piece shot in football without the use of markers or force platforms, using video cameras to capture images. In this study, the movement was performed by a participant and two video cameras were placed in different perspectives, to later determine the kinematic data of the movement at specific anatomical points such as wrist, elbow, hip, knee, and ankle and on the ball. An open access software, called Kinovea, was used and a total of fifteen set-pieces were executed. Through the data obtained, it is possible to verify some criteria of body movement that influences the performance of the shot, such as maximum ankle height and knee angle. Regarding the maximum height of the ankle, it was possible to verify through statistical analysis, that this variable influences the speed of the ball, in contrast to the positioning of the support foot both at the beginning and at the end of the shot, that has no influence on the ball's speed. The amplitude of the knee, on the other hand, is reflected in the speed reached by it, when this anatomical point is flexed it gains more speed than if it was in extension. Regarding the ball, it was not possible to draw large conclusions since the number of data collected was much lower than expected. Finally, an entirely qualitative analysis was carried out between the perspectives of camera 1 and camera 2. It was found that during the performance of the studied participant, despite showing a behavior like a professional player, he would need to improve the technique of the tension arch for better results. So, it can be concluded that with this methodology it is possible to carry out a biomechanical study of human movement, not only at a sports level to instruct athletes about their mistakes and also improve techniques optimizing their performance, as well as in other areas.
The analysis of human movement has an important role in the evaluation of the kinematics and kinetics of movement. In sports, it is essential to use these methods of analysis for the movement execution, technique improvement and to avoid injuries. The aim of this thesis is to carry out a biomechanical study of a set-piece shot in football without the use of markers or force platforms, using video cameras to capture images. In this study, the movement was performed by a participant and two video cameras were placed in different perspectives, to later determine the kinematic data of the movement at specific anatomical points such as wrist, elbow, hip, knee, and ankle and on the ball. An open access software, called Kinovea, was used and a total of fifteen set-pieces were executed. Through the data obtained, it is possible to verify some criteria of body movement that influences the performance of the shot, such as maximum ankle height and knee angle. Regarding the maximum height of the ankle, it was possible to verify through statistical analysis, that this variable influences the speed of the ball, in contrast to the positioning of the support foot both at the beginning and at the end of the shot, that has no influence on the ball's speed. The amplitude of the knee, on the other hand, is reflected in the speed reached by it, when this anatomical point is flexed it gains more speed than if it was in extension. Regarding the ball, it was not possible to draw large conclusions since the number of data collected was much lower than expected. Finally, an entirely qualitative analysis was carried out between the perspectives of camera 1 and camera 2. It was found that during the performance of the studied participant, despite showing a behavior like a professional player, he would need to improve the technique of the tension arch for better results. So, it can be concluded that with this methodology it is possible to carry out a biomechanical study of human movement, not only at a sports level to instruct athletes about their mistakes and also improve techniques optimizing their performance, as well as in other areas.
Description
Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica
Keywords
Biomecânica Desporto Cinemática Captura de movimento Kinovea Biomechanics Sports Kinematics Motion capture
Citation
RAMOS, Rita Alexandra Salvador – Métodos de análise de imagem no estudo de um remate no futebol. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, 2021. Dissertação de Mestrado.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa